Structure reduction

Cytochrome ebbs oxidases comprise the third class of enzymes belonging to the HCO superfamily Like other HCOs, cytochromes ebbs catalyze reduction of O2 at a bimetallic heme/Cu site, contain an additional six-coordinate heme in the catalytic subunit, and act as proton pumps. Although both CcOs and cytochromes ebbs utilize cytochrome c as the physiological reductant, structurally and functionally they differ more than CcOs and quinol oxidases do. Unlike CcOs, which are distributed throughout all three domains of life, cytochromes ebbs are found almost exclusively in Proteobacteria (a group of Gram-negative... 

Mnkeijee S, Srinivasan S. O2 reduction structure-related parameters for supported catalysts. In Handbook of fuel cells fundamentals, technology and applications, volume 2. Vielstich W, Lamm A, Gasteiger HA, editors. Chicester, UK Wiley, 2003 502-43. 

Post-elastic stiffiiess, Kj Elastomer (typically low-damping rubber) Stmcture stiffiiess reduction Structure fundamental frequency reduction... 

In batch process optimization, one of the principal objectives is to improve equipment utilization through reduction in dead time. This requires both structural and parameter optimization, with many options available. 

In the low-energy region (< 250 keV) the unsharpness of the system IP/Scanner (here up to 70 pm for the best systems used) leads to a contrast reduction of small structures, e g., such as fissures/cracks. But, the available resolution is comparable or better than this one of the best... 

While Eq. III-18 has been verified for small droplets, attempts to do so for liquids in capillaries (where Rm is negative and there should be a pressure reduction) have led to startling discrepancies. Potential problems include the presence of impurities leached from the capillary walls and allowance for the film of adsorbed vapor that should be present (see Chapter X). There is room for another real effect arising from structural peiturbations in the liquid induced by the vicinity of the solid capillary wall (see Chapter VI). Fisher and Israelachvili [19] review much of the literature on the verification of the Kelvin equation and report confirmatory measurements for liquid bridges between crossed mica cylinders. The situation is similar to that of the meniscus in a capillary since Rm is negative some of their results are shown in Fig. III-3. Studies in capillaries have been reviewed by Melrose [20] who concludes that the Kelvin equation is obeyed for radii at least down to 1 fim. 

Surface reconstructions have been observed by STM in many systems, and the teclmique has, indeed, been used to confmn the missing row structure in the 1 x 2 reconstruction of Au(l 10) [28]. As the temperature was increased within 10 K of the transition to the disordered 1 1 phase (700 K), a drastic reduction in domain size to -20-40 A (i.e. less than the coherence width of LEED) was observed. In this way, the STM has been used to help explain and extend many observations previously made by diffraction methods. 

Lattice models have been studied in mean field approximation, by transfer matrix methods and Monte Carlo simulations. Much interest has focused on the occurrence of a microemulsion. Its location in the phase diagram between the oil-rich and the water-rich phases, its structure and its wetting properties have been explored [76]. Lattice models reproduce the reduction of the surface tension upon adsorption of the amphiphiles and the progression of phase equilibria upon increasmg the amphiphile concentration. Spatially periodic (lamellar) phases are also describable by lattice models. Flowever, the structure of the lattice can interfere with the properties of the periodic structures. 

Adam G and Delbrtick M 1968 Reduction of dimensionality in biological diffusion processes Structural Chemistry and Molecular Biology ed A Rich and N Davidson (San Francisco Freeman)... 

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