Reduced couplings

Because J arises from the magnetic interactions of nuclei, the simplest factor affecting it is the product yjY of the two nuclear magnetogyric ratios involved. For example, in FI F is 82 FIz, i.e. x yo/yf - This totally predictable factor is sometimes discounted by quoting the reduced coupling constant =... 

Most couplings require lubrication and care must be taken to ensure that the proper type and quantity is used during the installation process. Inadequate or improper lubrication reduces coupling reliability and reduces its useful life. In addition, improper lubrication can cause serious... 

For a method of reducing coupling in the formation of allylic Grignard reagents, see Oppolzer, W. Schneider, P. Tetrahedron Lett., 1984, 25, 3305. 

B The reducing couple that we seek must have a half-cell potential of such a size and sign that a positive sum results when this half-cell potential is combined with ° V02+(a<7) V2+(a<7) =0.041 V (this is the weighted average of the V02+ V3+ and y3+ y1 2+ re(juction potentials) and a negative sum must be produced when this half-cell potential is combined with ° V2+(aq) V(s) =-1.13 V. 

Some possible reducing couples from Table 21-1 are ... 

Draw dependency diagrams (see Section 7.4, Decoupling with Packages) between operations, classes, packages, and components. Study the package-level dependencies and seek ways to refactor across packages to reduce coupling. 

The goal is to reduce coupling caused by explicit mentions of other classes in instance creation. 

Figure 2. The nearest-neighbor concurrence C(l,2) for different values of the anisotropy parameter y = 1, 0.7, 0.3, 0 with an impurity located at = 3 as a function of the reduced coupling constant A = 7/2/i, where J is the exchange interaction constant and h is the strength of the external magnetic field. The curves correspond to different values of the impurity strength a = 0,0.5,1,1.5 with system size iV = 201.

These frequent modulations can be viewed as driving the system to higher frequencies in which the bath modes are dramatically more weakly coupled than those modes coupled without modulation. This reduced coupling results in less entanglement with the bath modes and thus less decoherence. 

All terms contributing to either JM N or Jm,n are proportional to the magnetogyric ratio of both coupled nuclei, M and N. Since this is a nuclear property not associated with the molecular electronic structure, the reduced coupling constants, Km,n or Km,n are often quoted instead of Jm,n or Jm,n, respectively. They are related by... 

Reducer Couplings Couplings with a large and small connector for connecting hose couplings of two different sizes. 

For the problem of prophylactic antiarrhythmic treatment these antiarrhythmic peptides are probably not the final solution. Because of their peptide nature they are not well suited for in vivo studies and they are probably only indicated for the prevention of arrhythmias due to reduced coupling, but they are a first step in the direction of a new class of drugs influencing gap junctional coupling. 

This kind of reduced coupling has direct benefits to the goals of open-closed principles as you can see later in this chapter. 

Abstraction, along with encapsulation, is a technique that hides the internal structure and implementation details of an object or some other software unit with its external interfaces. In this chapter, I focus on objects. Other software units include components, subsystems, and services. They will be discussed in subsequent chapters. Abstraction is about what a software module looks like to the outside world. Encapsulation uses these looks to hide the module s implementation details. At first glance, abstraction may not sound like a big deal. Quite the opposite, a system with well-designed abstractions greatly reduces couplings between its building blocks and is much easier to understand, maintain, and extend. Because highly coupled software systems... 

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