Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth

Figure 5.18 Influence of annealing temperature on tensile strength and ductility of a brass alloy. Grain structures during recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth are shown schematically. Reprinted, by permission, from W. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction, 5th ed., p. 175. Copyright 2000 by John WUey Sons, Inc.

Byrne, J. G. 1965, Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain Growth, Macmillan. 

C. J. McMahon, Jr and C. D. Graham, Jr, published by C. J. McMahon, Jr, 1994 (available from author http //www.seas.upenn.edu/mse/fac/mcmahon.html). This is one of my favorite books. Despite the claimed low level of the book, the discussion of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth is highly instructive as are many other topics covered by the authors. 

Figures 3.1-57a and 3.1-57b show typical softening curves for aluminium alloys in three characteristic stages recovery, recrystallization, and grain-growth. In the case of the untreated continuously cast and rolled strip shown in Fig. 3.1-57a, recrystallization will occur at temperatures between about 260 and 290 °C. In Fig. 3.1-57b, recrystallization starts after about half an hour and is complete after about an hour. The...

The hot-deformation model is required to predict the austenitic microstructure before transformation through recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth in austenitic phase region during and after multipass hot deformation. 

Micro-structural models describe the in-process and post-deformation aspects of material response in terms of microstructure parameters. The models are based on dynamic and static phenomena, both of which are caused by deformation (Meyer et al. 2005). Dynamic phenomena arise at the beginning of the deformation process and may continue throughout. They include hardening, dynamic recovery, and dynamic recrystallization. Dynamic phenomena leave the material in an unstable state that promotes the start of static phenomena and, in particular, static and meta-dynamic recovery and recrystallization, which are then followed by grain growth. Methods that are widely applied for high strain... 

These properties and structures may revert back to the precold-worked states by appropriate heat treatment (sometimes termed an annealing treatment). Such restoration results from two different processes that occiu at elevated temperatmes recovery and recrystallization, which may be followed by grain growth. 

After recrystallization is complete, the strain-free grains will continue to grow if the metal specimen is left at the elevated temperature (Figures 7.21d to 7.21/) this phenomenon is called grain growth. Grain growth does not need to be preceded by recovery and recrystallization it may occur in all polycrystalline materials, metals and ceramics alike. 

Sphalerite deformed at temperatures up to 500 °C and strain rates between 10 and 10 s produced no twins in Fe-rich sphalerite [411,412] but abundant twinning in purer specimens [412], together with slip under all test conditions. The annealing of naturally and experimentally deformed sphalerites suggests that static recovery is possible above 300 °C and proceeds rapidly above 500 °C [412]. Recrystallization produces new grains with numerous growth twins. 

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