Recording methods

More sensitive detection methods and more objective recording methods (e g the employment of scanners) are constantly been striven for m order to overcome this illusion It IS for this reason too that fluorescent methods have been introduced to an increasing extent on account of their higher detection sensitivity This allows an appreciable reduction in the amount of sample applied, so that possible interfering substances are also present m smaller quantibes This increases the quality of the chromatographic separation and the subsequent m situ analysis... 

Demonstrate that audit trails are created and maintained for Date and time of operator entries and actions that create, modify, or delete electronic records (methods, sequences, raw data, results, reports, calibrations, standards, event logs)... 

These approaches to receptor identification and classification were, of course, pioneered by studies with peripheral systems and isolated tissues. They are more difficult to apply to the CNS, especially in in vivo experiments, where responses depend on a complex set of interacting systems and the actual drug concentration at the receptors of interest is rarely known. However, the development of in vitro preparations (acute brain slices, organotypic brain slice cultures, tissue-cultured neurons and acutely dissociated neuronal and glial cell preparations) has allowed more quantitative pharmacological techniques to be applied to the action of drugs at neurotransmitter receptors while the development of new recording methods such as patch-clamp... 

Pioneering efforts to understand the nature of olfactory coding were reported by Adrian (24-27). His work introduced the ideas that different odors activate ORCs in different regions of the olfactory epithelium and that spatiotemporal patterns of ORC firing would suffice to encode different odors. Subsequent studies by many investigators and involving various recording methods (reviewed in refs. 13 and 28) led to the conclusion that, at various levels of the pathway, the olfactory system uses distributed neural activity to encode information about olfactory stimuli. 

A very long cylindrical column of expl was initiated at one end and the time for the explosion to travel to the other end was recorded hy Le Boulange Chronograph. It is still used to measure the muzzle vel of projectiles. This apparatus has been replaced by the Mettagang Recorder, Method of Dautriche and the Optical Electronic Chronographs for measuring velocities of deton of expls (See also Chronographs)... 

Notes l)Because of considerable mechanical difficulties for rotating the drums at very high speeds, the principle of "frame division has been used to increase repetition rates of pictures. This subject is discussed in detail by Chesterman (Ref 18,pp 80-5 2)When photographic recording methods are used with the film wrapped either on the outside ot the inside of rotating drum, but no "discrete images are formed, the method is defined as "chronographic . For more info on this subject, see Ref 18,pp 85- 9... 

Tip-recording method for electrophysiological study of chemosensory sensilla... 

For many years it was believed that hydrogen atoms could not be seen" in the electron density maps produced by X-ray diffraction. The reason for this is that the atomic X-ray scattering power is proportional to the square of the atomic number. This statement was generally, but not invariably, true until the demise of film-recording methods in the mid-1960 s and the advent of the computer-controlled X-ray diffractometers which could provide very accurate X-ray diffraction intensities. 

Figure 5. The four-patch clamp recording methods. In each example, the cell is shown to the left, the micropipette to the right. For a discussion of the methods see text. Reproduced with permission from Hille, B., "Ionic channels of excitable membranes" 1 st ed., Sinauer, Sunderland, MA (1984) p. 217.

Kazuaki W. (2000) Reaction solution for inkjet recording method using two liquids, US Patent 6,080,229. 

The microscopic high-speed video recording method has recently been developed further and used to investigate the combustion wave microstructure in the Ti-Si and Ti-N2 systems (Mukasyan et al., 1996 Hwang et al., 1997). The location of the combustion front was estimated using image analysis techniques, and its shape and propagation were characterized quantitatively. 

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