Recording and reporting of data

Further examples on the presentation of numerical values can be found in British Standard 1957 1953 (confirmed 1987). 

The rejection of outliers from analytical data is one of the most vexed topics. The only valid reason for rejecting a piece of data is when a discernible cause can 

The best advice is always to look carefully at the shape of the data set. Section 8.1 discussed various ways of exploratory data analysis. One method of spotting potential outliers to be investigated is to combine the z-score with a dot plot. 

A z-score for any data point, in a data set of n values is calculated from 

One of the key concerns of analytical science is how good are the numbers produced . Even with an adequately developed, optimised and collaboratively tested method which has been carried out on qualified and calibrated equipment the question remains. Recently it has become fashionable to extend the concepts of the physical metrology into analytical measurements and to quantify confidence in terms of the much more negative uncertainty.It is based on the bottom-up principle or the so called error budget approach. This approach is based on the theory that if the variance contributions of all sources of error involved in analytical processes then it is possible to calculate the overall process 

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Typical outputs chromatograms, spectra, etc. Recording and reporting of data... 

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