Reconstitution description

I would like to extend Prof. Simon s characterizations of these beautiful new molecules to include a description of the effects on lipid bilayers of his Na+ selective compound number 11, which my post-doctoral student, Kun-Hung Kuo, and I have found to induce an Na+ selective permeation across lipid bilayer membranes [K.-H. Kuo and G. Eisenman, Naf Selective Permeation of Lipid Bilayers, mediated by a Neutral Ionophore, Abstracts 21st Nat. Biophysical Society meeting (Biophys. J., 17, 212a (1977))]. This is the first example, to my knowledge, of the successful reconstitution of an Na+ selective permeation in an artificial bilayer system. (Presumably the previous failure of such well known lipophilic, Na+ complexing molecules as antamanide, perhydroan-tamanide, or Lehn s cryptates to render bilayers selectively permeable to Na+ is due to kinetic limitations on their rate of complexation and decomplexation). 

Drug Product Stability. A description of the stability protocols and results supporting the product s stability (expiration date and storage condition) should be provided. Stability data supporting the proposed shelf-life of reconstituted drug products and for all labeled dilutions also should be included. The stability protocol provided should include the following ... 

Stability data Stability data Description of diluent of reconstitut ing fluid... 

Nanoparticles of all descriptions can be used not only as suspensions but also as freeze-dried powders for reconstitution, incorporated into liposomes, as aerosols, in gels and microspheres (e.g., gelatin), adsorbed onto microparticles, dispersed in soft-gelatin capsules [e.g., in polyoxyethylene glycols (PEGs)], or as mini-depot tablets. 

Figure 3. Description of systems used to generate and measure interior positive membrane potentials. (A) A schematic diagram for the ascorbate-TCNQ-K3Fe(CN)6 reaction. The interior positive membrane potential formation is catalyzed by the lipophilic electron carrier TCNQ, which mediates the flow of electrons from ascorbate inside the vesicle to K3Fe(CN)6 outside. (B) Membrane potential formation in reconstituted proteoliposomes was followed by the fluorescent probe oxonol V. (Reproduced with permission from reference 17. Copyright 1991 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)...

Our problem resembles an excerpt which I found in Dreams of a Final Theory by Steven Weinberg pertaining to gauge symmetry The symmetry underlying it has to do with changes in our point of view about the identity of the different types of elementary particle. Thus it is possible to have a particle wave function that is neither definitefy an electron nor definitely a neutrino, until we look at it . Here also we have freedom in the choice of subsystems and a correct theory has to reconstitute the description of the whole system. 

On gross examination of a liver section, one recognizes red dots corresponding to the central vein, surrounded by brown polygonal zones made of hepatic cells and alternating with gray areas of the portal spaces. This one-dimensional description of the hepatic lobule does not adequately describe the functional unit, and anatomists and physiologists have coordinated their efforts to reconstitute the functional unit... 

The certified concentration apply only to urine reconstituted as specified under Reconstruction Procedure and are based upon the concordant results from two different analytical methods for eadi analyte. Brief descriptions of the methods are given under Analytical Methods. Note This material also contains amphetamine and methamphetamine. but these analytes were not certified as analytical results that indicated probable degradation of these constituents with time. 

FIGURE 14.17 Schematic description of the PAMPA-BBB assay. The compounds of interest (red disks) are introduced in one compartment (referred to as donor) of a two-compartment chamber separated by a reconstituted bilayer of porcine brain lipids spread on a porous membrane. At the end of incubation, the compounds that have crossed the barrier are harvested in the "acceptor" compartment and dosed. Standard compounds with well-characterized permeability properties are tested in parallel. 

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