Ethylene receptor

Hall BP, Shakeel SN, Schaller GE (2007) Ethylene receptors ethylene perception and signal transduction. J Plant Growth Regul 26 118-130... 

Benzonatate [104-31 ] (46) is a unique compound which appears to have both central and peripheral antitussive effects. Stmcturally it is a derivative of ji)-aminoben2oic acid and contains a long poly(ethylene glycol) side chain. The peripheral effects ate the result of local anesthetic action on the pulmonary stretch receptors. Clinical activity was first reported in 1955 (65). 

Dopamine mono-oxygenase Coproporphyrin decarboxylase Ethylene receptor Methane oxidase Terminal glycine oxidases CP-x type ATP-ase ATx-1 (Lys 7)... 

Macrocycles containing isoxazoline or isoxazole ring systems, potential receptors in host—guest chemistry, have been prepared by multiple (double, triple or quadruple) 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrile oxides, (prepared in situ from hydroxamoyl chlorides) to bifunctional calixarenes, ethylene glycols, or silanes containing unsaturated ester or alkene moieties (453). This one-pot synthetic method has been readily extended to the preparation of different types of macrocycles such as cyclophanes, bis-calix[4]arenes and sila-macrocycles. The ring size of macrocycles can be controlled by appropriate choices of the nitrile oxide precursors and the bifunctional dipolarophiles. Multiple cycloadditive macrocy-clization is a potentially useful method for the synthesis of macrocycles. 

Compounds (29) and (30) were found to be comparable in potency to (27) as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists analogue (31) was substantially less potent. The loss of activity found with (31) was attributed to steric interactions of the A-methyl group and amide NH as well as the ethylene bridge of the tropane... 

The permeability of human skin to n-hexane has been determined in vitro in flow-through diffusion cells (Loden 1986). Pieces of full-thickness human skin were exposed to 3H -hcxane in human serum, and the appearance of label in the trans compartment measured for 0.5 or 12 hours. The skin was then sectioned with a microtome into 0.25 mm slices and the quantity of label in the skin measured. The rate of resorption (uptake of substance by the receptor fluid beneath the skin [i.e., the amount that passes through the skin]) was calculated. The rate of resorption for n-hexane through human skin was calculated to be 0.83 ( g cm2/hr). The permeability of n-hexane through human skin was much lower (approximately 100-fold) than for other chemicals tested in this study. For example, rates of resorption (in g cm2/hr) were 99 for benzene and 118 for ethylene glycol. 

Ethylene Receptors as Negative Regulators Actively Suppressing the Expression... 

Ethylene Receptors as Negative Regulators Actively Suppressing the Expression of Ethylene-Inducible Genes in the Absence of Ethylene... 

In Arahidopsis, ethylene is perceived by a family of five receptors divided, on the basis of structural similarities, into ETRl-like subfamily 1 comprising ETRl and ERSf, and ETR2-like subfamily 2 consisting of ETR2, ERS2, and EIN4. ° Similar ethylene receptor subfamilies have been identified in several species. ... 

A detailed analysis of ethylene receptor mutants has shown functional redundancy between them. However, in Arabidopsis, subfamily 1 members cannot be replaced by subfamily 2 members, in contrast to tomato in which functional redundancy between subfamily 1 and subfamily 2 members was reported. " " It seems that there exists some degree of plasticity among different plant species within the ethylene signaling pathway. 

In addition to ligand-mediated degradation of ethylene receptor proteins, ethylene affects the expression of various receptor genes in different ways. Some of them are ethylene inducible, whereas others are not affected by ethylene. " " Such a diversity suggests the mechanism through which plants coordinate the ethylene responses. 

The Na or K cation interaction has been experimentally probed by using synthetic receptors that comprise diaza-18-crown-6 lariat ethers having ethylene side arms attached to aromatic donors. (Adapted from Meadows et al., 2001)... 

Gabizon, A., A.T. Horowitz, D. Goren, D. Tzemach, F. Mandelbaum-Shavit, M.M. Qazen, and S. Zalipsky, Targeting folate receptor with folate linked to extremities of poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted liposomes in vitro studies. Bioconjug Chem, 1999.10(2) 289-98. 

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