Receptor connectivity

The comparison of the olfactory properties of fluoro analogues of citronellol is a significant example (Fig. 1) [11,12]. While monofluorinated compound exhibit only minor changes in olfactory properties, this is quite different for trifluorocitro-nellol. In the absence of other factors envisioned, the important differences observed between citronellol and trifluorocitronellol are very likely due to a different recognition by the olfactory receptors, connected to the bigger size of the CF3 with respect to CH3 [10]. 

FIGURE 2—4. This figure shows a top view of the receptor. All that is seen are the extracellular portions of the receptors sticking out of the membrane. These extracellular regions of the receptor connect the various transmembrane regions to each other. In the center of the bits of receptor is the central core, where the neurotransmitter for that receptor binds. 

Metal ion dependence, thermodynamics, and kinetics for intramolecular docking of a GAAA tetraloop and receptor connected by a flexible linker. Biochemistry 45, 3664-3673. 

Berger, E. A. (1997) HIV entry and tropism the chemokine receptor connection. AIDS IKSuppl. A), S3-S16. 

Paintal, a. S., 1977, Thoracic receptors connected with sensation, fir. Med. Bull. 33 169-174. 

The sensing of potential pollutants has led to the development of 23, which can distinguish elegantly between Cd(ll) and Zn(n) but due to similar affinity of many receptors, it has been difficult to achive such selectivity to date." On the basis of the use of iminodiacetate receptors connected to an anthracene fluorophore by covalent methyl spacers, the sensor was found to be highly water soluble where the fluorescence was switched off between pH 3 and 11, owing to PET quenching of the anthracene excited state by the receptor. On Zn(ll) titration, a broad, red-shifted emission occurred, centered at 468 nm however, in the presence of Cd(II), a red-shifted emission was observed, centered at... 

Fig. 4. Typical AFM rupture experiment (top) Receptor molecules are fixed via linker molecules to a surface (left) in the same way, ligand molecules are connected to the AFM cantilever (right). When pulling the cantilever towards the right, the pulling force applied to the ligand can be measured. At the point of rupture of t he ligand-receptor complex the measured force abruptly drops to zero so that the rupture force can be measured.

Researchers at the MoneU Center (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) are using a variety of electrophysical and biochemical techniques to characterize the ionic currents produced in taste and olfactory receptor cells by chemical stimuli. These studies are concerned with the identification and pharmacology of the active ion channels and mode of production. One of the techniques employed by the MoneU researchers is that of "patch clamp." This method aUows for the study of the electrical properties of smaU patches of the ceU membrane. The program at MoneU has determined that odors stimulate intraceUular enzymes to produce cycUc adenosine 3, 5 -monophosphate (cAMP). This production of cAMP promotes opening of the ion channel, aUowing cations to enter and excite the ceU. MoneU s future studies wiU focus on the connection of cAMP, and the production of the electrical response to the brain. The patch clamp technique also may be a method to study the specificity of receptor ceUs to different odors, as weU as the adaptation to prolonged stimulation (3). 

Fig. 12. Model for the P-adenergic receptor. It is proposed that the receptor possesses seven hydrophobic heUces that span the plasma membrane and are connected by alternating extracellular and intracellular loops (79). The site of glycosylation is represented as CHO. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier...

A bolometer is essentially a thin blackened platinum strip in an evacuated glass vessel with a window transparent to the infrared rays it is connected as one arm of a Wheatstone bridge, and any radiation absorbed raises the temperature of the strip and changes its resistance. Two identical elements are usually placed in the opposite arms of a bridge one of the elements is in the path of the infrared beam and the other compensates for variations in ambient temperature. Both the above receptors give a very small direct current, which may be amplified by special methods to drive a recorder. 

Collagen is a major component of connective tissue that becomes exposed at the subendothelium of injured blood vessels. It contributes to platelet adhesion and also plays a role in platelet activation by binding to several receptors on platelets such as integrin a 2(3 1 or glycoprotein VI (GP VI). 

PDGF Isoforms consist of homo- and heterodimers of A- and B-polypeptide chains and homodimers of C- and D-polypeptide chains PDGFR Consists of PDGFR a and (3 receptors Embryonic development, particularly in the formation of the kidney, blood vessels, and various mesenchymal tissues. Proliferation of connective tissues, glial and smooth muscle cells... 

---