Reagent ions, using

Cooks and coworkers128 studied the Cl+ addition to aniline and other aromatic compounds via isolated NH3C1+, C1C=0+, protonated CH3C1, and Cl+ reagent ions using a pentaquadrupole mass spectrometer. The reactions of protonated monochloramine... 

The most common reagent ions used in SIFT-MS are H30+, NO+, and 02 +, and their reactions with many different classes of volatile organics have been well documented.44 The NO+ reagent ion can react with the VOCs, depending on their chemistry, in one or two of several different ways - charge transfer (Equation (17)), hydride ion transfer (Equation (18)), hydroxide ion transfer (Equation (19)), alkoxide ion transfer, and ion-molecule association (Equation (20)). 

The other method is less accurate but more rapid and involves direct Nessleri2ation of the sample for colorimetric deterrnination. Other colorimetric indicators with more sensitivity, such as indophenol, have been used in place of Nessler s reagent. Ion-selective electrodes have also found use in analysis for trace ammonia (93). 

The separation of xanthates by ion-interaction reversed-phase column chromatography is described for the determination of eight different xanthates in reagents commonly used in flotation plants. The separated species were detected spectroscopically at a wavelength of 305 nm (96). 

The organic reagents are used extensively for determinations series of elements by different methods of analysis. We carry out the systematical investigation of organic derivatives of hydrazine as a reagent for determinations ion of metals by photometric and extractive-photometric methods or analysis, as well as methods of atomic absorption spectrometry. Series procedure determinations ion of metals in technical and environmental objects have been developed. 

This colour change can be observed with the ions of Mg, Mn, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, and the Pt metals. To maintain the pH constant (ca 10) a buffer mixture is added, and most of the above metals must be kept in solution with the aid of a weak complexing reagent such as ammonia or tartrate. The cations of Cu, Co, Ni, Al, Fe(III), Ti(IV), and certain of the Pt metals form such stable indicator complexes that the dyestuff can no longer be liberated by adding EDTA direct titration of these ions using solochrome black as indicator is therefore impracticable, and the metallic ions are said to block the indicator. However, with Cu, Co, Ni, and Al a back-titration can be carried out, for the rate of reaction of their EDTA complexes with the indicator is extremely slow and it is possible to titrate the excess of EDTA with standard zinc or magnesium ion solution. 

Two other types of host for arenediazonium salts were found by Shinkai et al., the calix[ ]arenes, 11.10 (1987 a, 1987 b) and 11.11 (1988). The hexasulfonated calix[6]arenes 11.10 suppress dediazoniation of substituted benzenediazonium ions in aqueous solution much more efficiently than 18-crown-6. The complexation of calix[ ]arenes 11.11 (n = 4, 6, and 8) with 4 -dimethylaminoazobenzene-4-diazonium ions (11.12) was measured, and was found to be weaker than that of 18-crown-6. It may be that the large difference in behavior between these two types of complexation reagents 11.10 and 11.11 is due to the significantly different diazonium ions used as guests for the two types. Electronically the azobenzenediazonium ion (11.12) is... 

Notice what reagent we use to pull off the proton. We use H2O, rather than using a hydroxide ion (HO ). To understand why, remember that we are in acidic conditions there really aren t many hydroxide ions floating around. But there is plenty of water, and a mechanism must always be consistent with the conditions that are present. 

Figure 2. Dy(P30io)2 is a lanthanide shift reagent commonly used in biological 7Li NMR experiments. The Dy3+ ion has a coordination number of nine with two P3O10 moieties, acting as tetradentate ligands, and one molecule of H2O coordinated in the first coordination sphere up to seven Li+ ions can bind in the second coordination sphere.

Synergism It may be defined as the process whereby two different reagents when employed together are capable of extracting a metal ion with a distinct and marked efficiency, in comparison to a condition when the same two reagents are used individually . 

The neocuproine method for the measurement of the cuprous oxide is more sensitive than the phosphomolybdic acid reagent and uses 2,9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline hydrochloride (neocuproine), which produces a stable colour and is specific for cuprous ions. 

Unsaturated even-electron cations have been used in the gas phase to react with olefins, including dienes, in a way that characterizes their structure. In most cases, these ion/molecule reactions take place by [4 + 2] cycloadditions followed by specific elimination of even-electron neutrals. A most suitable instrumental setup for these studies are triple-quadrupole and pentaquadrupole mass spectrometers in which the ion/molecule addition reactions take place subsequent to the selection of the reagent ion. In most... 

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