Reactors equilibrium

CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR EQUILIBRIUM REACTION AND JACKET COOLING A < = > B ... 

When setting the conditions in chemical reactors, equilibrium conversion will be a major consideration for reversible reactions. The equilibrium constant Ka is only a function of temperature, and Equation 6.19 provides the quantitative relationship. However, pressure change and change in concentration can be used to shift the equilibrium by changing the activities in the equilibrium constant, as will be seen later. 

Eq.(13) is transcendent and the variable y can not be deduced as a function of the inlet stream dimensionless temperature. Nevertheless it is possible to obtain yo as a function of all possible reactor equilibrium temperatures y. Prom Eq.(13) it is deduced that ... 

Fritz Haber and Walter Nemst worked on this problem early in the twentieth century, and they had to develop the ideas of thermodynamic equilihtium to figure out how to accomplish this in a practical reactor. Equilibrium in the preceding reaction can be written as... 

Manganese has also been suggested as a co-catalyst. There is some indication that manganese adversely affects the reactor equilibrium such that the coproduction of benzaldehyde [100-52-7] suffers. Those benzoic acid producers who also produce benzaldehyde do not use manganese in their systems. 

It provides a comparison of the productivity of the chromatographic reactor with the productivity that would be obtained if the annulus were fed uniformly, (fraction of bed fed = 1) and reacted to a specified conversion (conversion of reactor/equilibrium conversion < 1). This efficiency is thus a measure of the penalty paid for using only a portion of the bed to carry out the reaction. It is a conservative figure, however, since it ignores the benefit of separating reactant and products. 

This chapter focuses attention on reactors that are operated isotherraally. We begin by studying a liquid-phase batch reactor to determine the specific reaction rate constant needed for the design of a CSTR. After iilustrating the design of a CSTR from batch reaction rate data, we carry out the design of a tubular reactor for a gas-phase pyrolysis reaction. This is followed by a discussion of pressure drop in packed-bed reactors, equilibrium conversion, and finally, the principles of unsteady operation and semibatch reactors. 

Reversible chemical reactions given enough time will come to equilibrium. In the batch reactor equilibrium is diagnosed when the conversion of the reactant no longer changes even when the reaction time, that is, the batch holding time, is increased. When the reactor is a flow... 

Styrene is produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene (EB) in a two-stage fixed-bed adiabatic reactor. Equilibrium and heat capacity data are as given shortly. 

Consider the task of reforming a mixture containing 40% v/v CO2, 40% H2, and 20% Nj by passing it through a packed-bed reactor containing an active catalyst. The reactor operates in a manner such that the effluent leaves at 1000 K. The composition of the effluent stream depends on the pressure at the exit of the reactor. Equilibrium is achieved within the reactor for the following reactions ... 

For instructions on the use of the equilibrium constant and Gibbs reactor models in the process simulators, see the CD-ROM that accompanies this book ASPEN Chemkd Reactors Equilibrium Reactors REQUIL or RGIBBS and HYSYS —> Chemical Reactors... 

The amount of enzyme that can be immobilized and contained in a reactor of moderate size (5-500 pi) is very large (up to 1000 U). Thus, when a solution containing the enzyme substrate passes through the reactor, equilibrium of the enzymatic process can be reached. In many cases, the equilibrium strongly... 

Related to the fail-safeness of the lattice on coolant loss is the converse effect of increasing the amount of water in the reactor. Either a cold water Insertion at reactor equilibrium level (whldh would Increase the coolant density and hence the amount of water in the process tubes) or flooding of the graphite structure can add reactivity. 

Reactors. The way in which reactors are specified depends on a combination of the input information required and the reactor category. Generally there are four categories of reactor stoichiometric reactor, kinetic (plug flow or CSTR) reactor, equilibrium reactor, and batch reactor. All these reactor configurations require input concerning the thermal mode of operation adiabatic, isothermal, amount of heat removed or added. Additional information is also required. Each reactor type is considered separately below. 

As shown in Figure 16-4, the equilibrium constant decreases rapidly with temperature. At the high operating temperature used in these reactors, equilibrium is closely approached, and, therefore, the product gas hydrogen sulfide concentration can be estimated accurately with equation 16-6, if the temperature and water vapor concentration are known. 

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