Reactivity alkali hydroxides

Electron-accepting conjugative effects of sulfinyl and sulfonio groups may be seen in a few experimental observations. For example, it was reported twenty years ago that p-iodophenyl sulfoxide reacted readily with alkali hydroxide whereas the m-isomer did not react under the same conditions36. More recent quantitative data on the electron-accepting effects of these tri- and tetra-coordinated sulfur-containing groups can be found in the quantitative data on reactivities, listed in Table 6. 

Similarly, reactive oxide mixtures are also used to synthesize aluminophosphate molecular sieves, usually starting from phosphoric acid along with the addition of alumina and silica sources analogous to those used in zeolite synthesis with a notable exception alkylammonium salts and amines were ultilized in structure-direchng and space filling to the exclusion of alkali hydroxide solutions and alkali metal salts. 

R = H or Si are generated. An increase in the surface basicity (molar ratio Na2C03 or K2C03 0s = 10-20 1) leads to anionic [Os(CO)3(OR)2UOR) " (R = H or Si= m > 1) species up to [Os(CO)3(OH)3]". The low reactivity of this latter species explains why low yields of carbonyl clusters are obtained when adding to the siUca surface a stronger base such as an alkali hydroxide instead of an alkali carbonate [14, 60]. 

Aqueous alkali hydroxides can be used to replace flammable bases of sodium metal, sodium hydride, sodamide, and other alkoxides. The reaction temperature is lowered while the reaction rate improves because the increased reactivity of anions in the nonpolar solvent (Goldberg, 1989 Dehmlow and Dehm-low, 1993 Starks et al., 1994) as have asymmetric phase-transfer reactions (O Donnell, 1993). 

In agreement with the relative reactivities of the alkali hydroxides and carbonates towards hydrogen sulphide, it has been observed that the blackening of basic lead carbonate by the gas is due to the conversion into sulphide of the lead hydroxide only and not of the carbonate.6... 

Polyether Polyols. Polyether polyols are addition products derived from cyclic ethers (Table 4). The alkylene oxide polymerization is usually initiated by alkali hydroxides, especially potassium hydroxide. In the base-catalyzed polymerization of propylene oxide, some rearrangement occurs to give allyl alcohol. Further reaction of allyl alcohol with propylene oxide produces a monofunctional alcohol. Therefore, polyether polyols derived from propylene oxide are not truly difunctional. By using zinc hexacyano cobaltate as catalyst, a more difunctional polyol is obtained (20). Olin has introduced the difunctional polyether polyols under the trade name POLY-L. Trichlorobutylene oxide-derived polyether polyols are useful as reactive fire retardants. Poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) is produced in the acid-catalyzed homopolymerization of tetrahydrofuran. Copolymers derived from tetrahydrofiiran and ethylene oxide are also produced. 

The alkali metal-graphite compounds are extremely reactive. They ignite in air and may react explosively with water. In the controlled reaction with water or alcohol only alkali hydroxide and hydrogen result there is no acetylene or any other hydrocarbon. Fredenhagen concluded from this that the compounds could not be carbides. Mercury dissolves the alkali metal out of the lattice. When treated with liquid ammonia, CgMe gives up only a third of the alkali metal and takes in its place two molecules of ammonia (see Section IIIA4). 

The eutectic and NiAl3 are very reactive toward hydroxide and easily lose the aluminum to give the skeletal nickel. Ni2Al3 reacts more slowly with base but the aluminum can be removed at 50°C and the material completely decomposed in boiling alkali.67,68 Catalysts prepared from the commercial alloy, pure NiAl3 and pure Ni2Al3 all have about the same activity when the preparation conditions are such that most of the aluminum is removed from each material.69... 

Substituents such as chloro, bromo, sulfanyl, or phenoxy in position 2 of phenylsulfonamides are sufficiently reactive to allow ring closure reactions by treatment with carbon disulfide/alkali hydroxide in ethanol43-45 or dimethyl sulfoxide.46 The resulting alkali thiolates 4 may then be methylated43 44 by dimethyl sulfate to give the 3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,4,2-benzodithiazine 1,1-dioxides. 

EPOXYETHANE (French) (75-21-8) Flammable gas (flash point -4°F/-20°C). Dangerously reactive may rearrange chemically and/or polymerize violently with evolution of heat, when in contact with highly active catalytic surfaces such as anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin, or aluminum, pure oxides of iron or aluminum, and alkali hydroxides. Even small amounts of strong acids, alkalis, oxidizers can cause a reaction. Explosive polymerization can occur on contact with amines, ammonia, metallic potassium, covalent halides. Violent... 

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