Reactive oxygen species , heat shock response

FIGURE 35-6 Examples of apoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms that act on or within different subcellular compartments. CBP, Ca2+ binding protein CREB, cyclic AMP response element binding protein HSP, heat shock protein IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ROS, reactive oxygen species. 

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins expressed in almost all organisms from prokaryotes to humans. HSPs were originally described about four decades ago as proteins that were induced in the Drosophila melanogaster in response to a heat stress and hence derive the name HSR However, research over the years has uncovered these proteins to have a multitude of functions. Primarily, all HSPs act as molecular chaperons and assist in proper folding of naive proteins. Furthermore, HSPs have important roles in cellular processes including cell survival, inflammation, immunity, ion channel repair, and others. HSPs are also induced by a variety of stressors. Reactive oxygen species, cytotoxic injury, necrosis, ultraviolet radiation, metals, and many others are some examples. 

List of Abbreviations HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor HREs, hypoxia response elements Hsps, heat-shock proteins iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase NE, noradrenabne ODG, oxygen-dependent genes ROS, reactive oxygen species TH, tyrosine hydroxylase... 

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