Reactive nitrogen compounds

The formation of peroxynitrite in cells and tissue is frequently characterized by the formation of nitrotyrosine. The formation of nitrotyrosine is not a very specific assay of peroxynitrite detection because the other nitrogen oxide may also take part in this process, but peroxynitrite is undoubtedly the most efficient nitrating agent. (Mechanism of tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrite and other reactive nitrogen compounds has been considered in Chapters 21 and 22.)... 

Hertel O, Skjpth CA, Reis S, Bleeker A, Harrison R, Cape JN, Fowler D, Skiba U, Simpson D, Jickells T, Kulmala M, Gyldenkaeme S, Sprensen LL, Erisman JW, Sutton MA (2012) Governing processes for reactive nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere in relation to ecosystem, climatic and human health impacts. Biogeosci Discuss 9 9349-9423... 

Metzger S, Mihalopoulos N, Lelieveld J (2006) Importance of mineral cations and organics in gas-aerosol partitioning of reactive nitrogen compounds case study based on MINOS results. Atmos Chem Phys 6 2549-2567... 

Luke, W., and Dickerson, R. (1987). Flrtx of reactive nitrogen compounds from eastern North America to the western Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1, 329—343. 

Valuable chemicals can principally be produced from paraffins if these unreactive compounds can be functionalized. This primarily requires the activation of the rather unreactive paraffinic C-H bond or C-C bond. Therefore, high temperatures are usually applied in the functionalization of paraffins. An interesting route is the partial oxidation of these compounds. This may yield olefins by oxidative dehydrogenation, oxygenates by oxygen insertion, or even nitrile compounds if a reactive nitrogen compound is added to the feed. 

Hanson, P. J. and S. E. Lindberg (1991) Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds a review of leaf, canopy and non-foliar measurements. Atmospheric Environment 10, 1127-1131... 

A key material in this ensemble of reactive nitrogen compounds are the N-oxides, that are easily available in the aromatic and the aliphatic fields with, however, completely different lines of applications. The weU-studied N-oxides of aromatic nitrogen compounds are characterized by high reaction rates in electrophilic substitutions, accompanied by remarkable regioselectivity [211]. 

Twigg, M. M., House, E., Thomas, R. et al. (2011) Surface/atmosphere exchange and chemical interactions of reactive nitrogen compounds above a manured grassland. Agr. Forest Meteorol. 151,1488. 

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