Reaction, batch second order

Assuming that the reaction is second order in a constant volume batch system, the rate equation is... 

The decomposition of nitrous oxide (NjO) to nitrogen and oxygen is preformed in a 5.0 1 batch reactor at a constant temperature of 1,015 K, beginning with pure NjO at several initial pressures. The reactor pressure P(t) is monitored, and the times (tj/2) required to achieve 50% conversion of N2O are noted in Table 3-19. Use these results to verify that the N2O decomposition reaction is second order and determine the value of k at T = 1,015 K. 

The complex batch reaction between formaldehyde. A, and sodium p-phenol sulphonate, B, proceeds in accordance with the following complex reaction scheme. All the reactions follow second-order kinetics. Components C, D and F are intermediates, and E is the final product. 

An exothermal reaction is to be performed in the semi-batch mode at 80 °C in a 16 m3 water cooled stainless steel reactor with heat transfer coefficient U = 300 Wm"2 K . The reaction is known to be a bimolecular reaction of second order and follows the scheme A + B —> P. The industrial process intends to initially charge 15 000 kg of A into the reactor, which is heated to 80 °C. Then 3000 kg of B are fed at constant rate during 2 hours. This represents a stoichiometric excess of 10%.The reaction was performed under these conditions in a reaction calorimeter. The maximum heat release rate of 30Wkg 1 was reached after 45 minutes, then the measured power depleted to reach asymptotically zero after 8 hours. The reaction is exothermal with an energy of 250 kj kg-1 of final reaction mass. The specific heat capacity is 1.7kJ kg 1 K 1. After 1.8 hours the conversion is 62% and 65% at end of the feed time. The thermal stability of the final reaction mass imposes a maximum allowed temperature of 125 °C The boiling point of the reaction mass (MTT) is 180 °C, its freezing point is 50 °C. 

The reaction is second order and is performed in an isothermal constant pressure batch reactor. Determine the conversion with time... 

Direct contact heat transfer, 185 Dispersion model, 560-562 first order reactions, 561 second order reactions, 562 Distillation, 371-457 batch, 390 binary, 379 column assembly, 371 flash, 375... 

Solution The process described is neither flow nor batch, but semibatch in nature. However, with assumptions which are reasonably valid, the problem can be reduced to that for a constant-density batch reactor. If the density of the solution remains constant and the hydrogen chloride vaporizes and leaves the solution, the volume of the liquid-phase reaction will be constant. Then the relationship between the composition of the substances in the liquid phase is governed by rate expressions of the type used in this chapter. Assume that the reactions are second order. Then the rate of disappearance of benzene, determined entirely by the first reaction, is... 

A reversible liquid-phase isomerization A B is carried out hoihei-msecond order in both the forward and reverse directions. The liquid enters ai the top of the reactor and exits at the bottom. Experimental data taken in a batch reactor shows the CSTR conversion to be 40%. The reaction is reversible with A (- =. 3.0 at 300 K. and... 

These equations also lead to a constant value for k, which confirms that the reaction has second-order kinetices. Peterson [2] has discussed further aspects of differential versus integral fitting of data from batch reactor experiments. 

A second-order reaction proceeds in a batch reac tor provided with heat transfer. Initial conditions are To = 350 and Cq = 1. Other data are ... 

In batch classification, the removal of fines (particles less than any arbitrary size) can be correlated by treating as a second-order reaction K = (F/Q)[l/x(x — F)], where K = rate constant, F = fines removed in time 0, and x = original concentration of fines. 

Since the reaction is carried out in a batch system of constant volume, the rate expression for a second order rate law is... 

Second-Order Batch Reactions with One Reactant. We choose to write the stoichiometric equation as... 

Second-Order Batch Reactions with Two Reactants. The batch reaction is now... 

This is the general result for a second-order batch reaction. The mathematical form of the equation presents a problem when the initial stoichiometry is perfect, ao =bo- Such problems are common with analytical solutions to ODEs. Special formulas are needed for special cases. 

FIGURE 7.2 Experiment versus fitted batch reaction data (a) first-order fit (b) second-order fit (c) 1.53-order fit. 

The glycolysis of PETP was studied in a batch reactor at 265C. The reaction extent in the initial period was determined as a function of reaction time using a thermogravimetric technique. The rate data were shown to fit a second order kinetic model at small reaction times. An initial glycolysis rate was calculated from the model and was found to be over four times greater than the initial rate of hydrolysis under the same reaction conditions. 4 refs. 

A second-order reaction takes place in a two-phase batch system. Reactant A is supplied by gas-liquid transfer and reactant B supplied by liquid feed. The model equations are... 

A constant volume batch reactor is used to convert reactant. A, to product, B, via an endothermic reaction, with simple stoichiometry, A —> B. The reaction kinetics are second-order with respect to A, thus... 

The Diels-Alder liquid-phase reaction between 1,4-benzoquinone (A, C6H4O2) and cy-clopentadiene (B, C5H6) to form the adduct CnHm02 is second-order with a rate constant kx = 9.92 X 10 6 m3 mol 1 s 1 at 25°C (Wassermann, 1936). Calculate the size (m3) of a batch reactor required to produce adduct at the rate of 125 mol h 1, if cAo = cBo = 100 mol m 3, the reactants are 90% converted at the end of each batch (cycle), the reactor operates isothermally at 25°C, and the reactor down-time (for discharging, cleaning, charging)... 

A second-order, liquid-phase reaction (A - products) is to take place in a batch reactor at... 

A rate equation is required for this reaction taking place in dilute solution. It is expected that reaction will be pseudo first-order in the forward direction and second-order in reverse. The reaction is studied in a laboratory batch reactor starting with a solution of methyl acetate and with no products present. In one test, the initial concentration of methyl acetate was 0.05 kmol/m3 and the fraction hydrolysed at various times subsequently was ... 

A batch reactor and a single continuous stirred-tank reactor are compared in relation to their performance in carrying out the simple liquid phase reaction A + B —> products. The reaction is first order with respect to each of the reactants, that is second order overall. If the initial concentrations of the reactants are equal, show that the volume of the continuous reactor must be 1/(1 — a) times the volume of the batch reactor for the same rate of production from each, where a is the fractional conversion. Assume that there is no change in density associated with the reaction and neglect the shutdown period between batches for the batch reactor. 

Two Reactions, Different Orders—In the case of a desired second-order reaction and an undesired first-order reaction, such as A + B - C and A — D, where C is the desired product, the batch, semi-batch, or plug-flow reactor is preferred. 

A second order liquid phase reaction, 2A B, is carried out in aqueous solution. Starting at 100 F, the mixture reacts until it reaches 250 F. Thereafter water evaporates so that the temperature remains at 250. Data are weight of batch = 1000 lbs Ca0 — 0.1 lbmol/cuft molecular weight of A = 100 density of mixture = 62 lb/cuft... 

The aqueous second order reaction, 2A 2B, has the specific rate k = 1.0 liter/mol-hr and the initial concentration Ca0= 1 mol/liter. Downtime is 1 hr/batch. Cost of fresh reactant is 100/batch and the value of the product is 200xa/batch, where xa is the fractional conversion of A. What is the daily profit for each of these modes of operation ... 

The rate of a batch slurry reaction is controlled by diffusion from the bulk liquid to the surface of the catalyst and by a second order reaction on the surface. Equations for the two processes are rd = 0.25(C-Cs)... 

Aqueous A reacts to form R (A R) and in the first minute in a batch reactor its concentration drops from C o = 2.03 mol/liter to = 1.97 mol/liter. Find the rate equation for the reaction if the kinetics are second-order with respect to A. 

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