Reaction accompanied

This is an endothermic reaction accompanied by an increase in the number of moles. High conversion is favored by high temperature and low pressure. The reduction in pressure is achieved in practice by the use of superheated steam as a diluent and by operating the reactor below atmospheric pressure. The steam in this case fulfills a dual purpose by also providing heat for the reaction. 

Manganese metal reacts with many compounds (21). Although Mn is fairly stable against water at room temperature, a slow reaction accompanied by the evolution of hydrogen takes place at 100°C. Most dilute acids dissolve manganese at a fast rate. At 350—875°C, anhydrous ammonia converts Mn... 

Uses. Its principal use is for the prepn of di-fluoramine-contg org compds. Mixts with H2 have been proposed as rocket propints, but all attempts to use these mixts as such have been plagued by erratic, unsteady reactions, accompanied by low order explns. The addn of 02 seems to reduce this problem somewhat (Ref 10) Refs 1) C.B. Colburn A. Kennedy, JACS 80, 5004 (1958) 2) G.T. Armstrong et al,... 

Eaborn and Taylor147 measured first-order rate coefficients for sulphonation of some aromatics in mixtures of trifluoroacctic acid-aqueous sulphuric acid, as sulphonation proved to be a troublesome side reaction accompanying hydrogen exchange in these media. They introduced a technique which has been found useful by later workers and makes use of the high solubility of sulphonic acids in... 

Lithiated allylic carbamates (35) (prepared as shown) react with aldehydes or ketones (R C0R ), in a reaction accompanied by an allylic rearrangement, to give (after hydrolysis) y-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones. The reaction is called the homoaldol reaction, since the product is a homolog of the product... 

Schematic view of an arrangement that allows a sustained redox reaction accompanied by an external flow of electrons.

In this mechanism where Da 2+ Db3+, transport of external oxygen gas is involved in the overall solid state reaction, accompanied by electronic charge diffusion. 

Fire A combustion reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat, light, and flame. 

Chemical reactions accompanying the electrode reaction can be classified from three points of view. They can be sufficiently fast so that they proceed... 

The present chapter will cover detailed studies of kinetic parameters of several reversible, quasi-reversible, and irreversible reactions accompanied by either single-electron charge transfer or multiple-electrons charge transfer. To evaluate the kinetic parameters for each step of electron charge transfer in any multistep reaction, the suitably developed and modified theory of faradaic rectification will be discussed. The results reported relate to the reactions at redox couple/metal, metal ion/metal, and metal ion/mercury interfaces in the audio and higher frequency ranges. The zero-point method has also been applied to some multiple-electron charge transfer reactions and, wheresoever possible, these results have been incorporated. Other related methods and applications will also be treated. 

Consider the general case of a reaction accompanied by a volumetric expansion or contraction. The time necessary for a plug to travel from inlet to outlet of a tubular reactor is given by... 

During disposal of the tribromide by a recommended procedure involving slow addition to a mixture of soda ash and dry slaked lime, a violent reaction, accompanied by flame, occurred a few seconds after the first drop. Cautious addition of the bromide to a large volume of ice water is suggested for disposal. 

Addition of acetone, ammonia, aniline or diphenylamine to the oxidant causes, after a few seconds delay, a rapid reaction accompanied by smoke and flame. 

During the later stages of the wet oxidation of an azo-pigment with mixed perchloric and orthoperiodic acids, a violent reaction, accompanied by flashes of... 

A dramatic improvement in this new round trip radical domino processes developed by Curran s group was presented by Takasu, Ihara and coworkers. The new method relies on the introduction of a conjugated ester moiety at the terminal olefm, thereby effecting an acceleration of the domino reaction accompanied with an enhancement of the regio- and stereoselectivity [81]. Thus, reaction of 3-196 with Bu3SnH led to a 4 3 mixture of the two diastereomeric tricycles 3-197 and 3-198 in 83% yield. In this process, the vinyl radical 3-199 is initially formed, but this smoothly cyclizes in 5-exo-trig manner to give radical 3-200 (Scheme 3.52). Due to... 

CO can be converted into either hydrocarbon products and water (via FTS) or C02 and Fl2 via the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. The reversible WGS reaction accompanies FTS over the iron-based catalyst only at high temperature conditions. The individual rates of FTS (rFTS) and the WGS reaction (rWGS) can be calculated from experimental results as rWGS = r(,and rFTS = rco-rc02, where rCo2 is the rate of C02 formation and rco is the rate of CO conversion. 

For thermal and photochemical reactions accompanied by ring cleavage, see Section 5.05.4.2.3. 

One important group of colour indicators is derived from 1 10 phenantholine ortho-phenanthroline) which forms a 3 1 complex with iron(II). The complex known as ferroin undergoes a reversible redox reaction accompanied by a distinct colour change... 

A second important group includes the diphenylamine indicators. In the presence of a strong oxidizing agent, diphenylamine is irreversibly converted to diphenylbenzidine. This latter compound undergoes a reversible redox reaction accompanied by a colour change,... 

It is, however, uncertain whether the above sequence of reactions accompanies peptide stimulation of mast-cell secretion. It is known that changes in the levels of key PI cycle intermediates accompany stimulation of mast cells by antigen or by compound 48/80 [207, 208]. Besides, there is now evidence for... 

This chapter is devoted to electrochemical processes in which chemical reactions accompany the initial transfer of one electron. This is actually a pretty common situation with organic reactants since the radical or ion-radical species resulting from this initial step is very often chemically unstable. Although less frequent, such reactions also occur with coordination complexes, ligand exchange being a typical example of reactions that may accompany a change in the metal oxidation number. 

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