Rayleigh surface wave

Back-scattered Rayleigh surface wave measurements... 

A back-scattered Rayleigh surface wave is the leaky ultrasonic energy returning to a transmitting transducer — along the opposite direction to the incident beam — from the... 

Another type of stress analysis attributes surface erosion to high-speed combustion waves that initiate Rayleigh surface waves. These amplify resonantly in the elastic material and intense peak stresses develop very close to the surface [201]. 

The elementary surface excited states of electrons in crystals are called surface excitons. Their existence is due solely to the presence of crystal boundaries. Surface excitons, in this sense, are quite analogous to Rayleigh surface waves in elasticity theory and to Tamm states of electrons in a bounded crystal. Increasing interest in surface excitons is provided by the new methods for the experimental investigation of excited states of the surfaces of metals, semiconductors and dielectrics, of thin films on substrates and other laminated media, and by the extensive potentialities of surface physics in scientific instrument making and technology. 

Rayleigh surface wave / / plane, W Free ( surface —r" ... 

The SASW test (Spectral Analysis of Surface) is a non-intrusive test method for testing the small strain stiffness of the soil by analysing the velocity of Rayleigh surface waves. The Rayleigh wave is generated by a hammer impact. The waves are recorded by a pair geophones placed at variable distance from the source. 

Inversions of body wave arrival times for three-dimensional velocity structures are common practice at volcanoes using teleseismic waves, local earthquake sources, and active seismic sources. These inversions can also account for 3D Vp azimuthal anisotropy, which is parameterized with a percent anisotropy and an orientation of the fast axis. Seismic anisotropy can be detected using inversions of Love and Rayleigh surface waves from large earthquakes in the same manner. 

When one fluid overlays a less dense fluid, perturbations at the interface tend to grow by Rayleigh-Taylor instability (LI, T4). Surface tension tends to stabilize the interface while viscous forces slow the rate of growth of unstable surface waves (B2). The leading surface of a drop or bubble may therefore become unstable if the wavelength of a disturbance at the surface exceeds a critical value... 

Fig. 11.4. Velocities of bulk and surface waves in an (001) plane the angle of propagation in the plane is relative to a [100] direction, (a) Zirconia, anisotropy factor Aan = 0.36 (b) gallium arsenide, anisotropy factor Aan = 1.83 material constants taken from Table 11.3. Bulk polarizations L, longitudinal SV, shear vertical, polarized normal to the (001) plane SH, shear horizontal, polarized in the (001) plane. Surface modes R, Rayleigh, slower than any bulk wave in that propagation direction PS, pseudo-surface wave, faster than one polarization of bulk shear wave propagating in...

Fig. 11.8. Rayleigh and pseudo-surface wave velocities measured on GaAs(OOl), indicated by +. The solid lines are the calculated curves of Fig. 11.4(b) (without the longitudinal wave curve), plotted on the enlarged vertical scale used for the experimental...

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