Ratios notation

Nuclide No. of protons (Z) No. of neutrons (N) N/Z (n/p) ratio Notation Nuclear stability... 

Dielectric constant Rotational diffusion coefficient Translational diffusion coefficient Mean value in the moment-ratio notation Electric field of light Electric field Geometric term in OPC Conductivity... 

The fact that the ratios of rates were much greater in chlorination than in nitration, prompted Dewar to suggest that the actual transition state was intermediate between the Wheland model and the isolated molecule model. He accommodated this variation in the relative rates within his discussion by treating yS as a variable whose value depended on the nature of the reaction. With the notation that y ) is the... 

This notation is simplified still further by defining the ratio of constants... 

Although there are a total of four different rate constants for propagation, Eq. (7.12) shows that the relationship between the relative amounts of the two monomers incorporated into the polymer and the composition of the monomer feedstock involves only two ratios of different pairs of these constants. Accordingly, we simplify the notation by defining... 

Eig. 4. The bulk oxygen isotopic composition of different meteorite classes where (—) is the terrestial fractionation line. The 5 notation refers to the normalized difference between or ratios to those in standard mean ocean water (SMOW) in relative units of parts per thousand. The... 

Ejector Performance The performance of any ejec tor is a function of the area of the motive-gas nozzle and venturi throat, pressure of the motive gas, suction and discharge pressures, and ratios of specific heats, molecular weights, and temperatures. Figure 10-102, based on the assumption of constant-area mixing, is useful in evaluating single-stage-ejector performance for compression ratios up to 10 and area ratios up to 100 (see Fig. 10-103 for notation). 

The original work by NACA and NASA is the basis on which most modern axial-flow compressors are designed. Under NACA, a large number of blade profiles were tested. The test data on these blade profiles is published. The cascade data conducted by NACA is the most extensive work of its kind. In most commercial axial-flow compressors NACA 65 series blades are used. These blades are usually specified by notation similar to the following 65-(18) 10. This notation means that the blade has a lift coefficient of 1.8, a profile shape 65, and a thickness/chord ratio of 10%. The lift coefficient can be directly related to the blade camber angle by the following relationship for 65 series blades ... 

Lekhnitskii defines the coefficients of mutual influence and the Poisson s ratios with subscripts that are reversed from the present notation. The coefficients of mutual influence are not named very effectively because the Poisson s ratios could also be called coefficients of mutual influence. Instead, the rijjj and ri y are more appropriately called by the functional name shear-exitension coupling coefficients. 

In the case of Ni-Al the martensitic transformation occurs in a composition range between 62 and 67 at.% Ni where the excess Ni is accommodated randomly on the A1 sublattice. The resulting c/a ratio of the LIq structure is around 0.85, depending on composition. Below 63 at.% Ni the martensite structure has a (52) sequence of close packed planes (Zhdanov notation) which is currently denoted as 14M (formerly as 7R). At higher Ni contents this typical sequence is lost and the martensite plates are simply internally twinned without a specific periodicity. 

To a good approximation this structure can be regarded as f.c.c. based with (002) planes composed alternatively of Tl and Al the cubic crystallographic notation Is. therefore, commonly used. If we denote as c and a the lattice parameters In the [001) and 11001/1010) directions, respectively, the c/a ratio is 1.02 at the stoichiometric composition and Increases to 1.03 at Al-rich compositions (Duwez and Taylor 1952 Huang, et al. 1987). 

Tlic reactivity ratios taab, / bab. J bua and r aba are sometimes abbreviated to r=,, a ba, rBB and tab or to v., rh rR, rd respectively. The notation used (rAAR, rBAR, rBRA and rAR( ) is preferred since i allows discussion of situations involving more than two monomers. 

In an ionic solid, the coordination number means the number of ions of opposite charge immediately surrounding a specific ion. In the rock-salt structure, the coordination numbers of the cations and the anions are both 6, and the structure overall is described as having (6,6)-coordination. In this notation, the first number is the cation coordination number and the second is that of the anion. The rock-salt structure is found for a number of other minerals having ions of the same charge number, including KBr, Rbl, MgO, CaO, and AgCl. It is common whenever the cations and anions have very different radii, in which case the smaller cations can fit into the octahedral holes in a face-centered cubic array of anions. The radius ratio, p (rho), which is defined as... 

The quantity mle is the conventional notation for the mass-to-charge ratio of the molecular ions, with the mass a multiple of the atomic mass constant tnu and the charge a multiple of the fundamental charge e. 

Oxygen isotope ratios are presented in permit (%o) using the d notation... 

Before comparing these predictions regarding the critical point with experimental results, we may profitably examine the binodial curve of the two-component phase diagram required by theory. The following useful approximate relationship between the composition V2 of the more dilute phase and the ratio y = V2/v2 of the compositions of the two phases may be derived (see Appendix A) by substituting Eq. (XII-26) on either side of the first of the equilibrium conditions (1), using the notation V2 for the volume fraction in the more dilute phase and V2 for that in the more concentrated phase, and similarly substituting Eq. (XII-32) for fX2 and y,2 in the second of these conditions ... 

In the following the samples are identified by a notation indicating atomic ratios and the calcination temperature e g. LalMnl-973 identifies perovskite LaMn03 calcined at 973 K. 

Using electron dot notation, the production of sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and magnesium oxide may be pictured as follows A sodium atom and a fluorine atom react in a 1 1 ratio, since sodium has one electron to lose from its outermost shell and fluorine requires one more electron to complete its outermost shell. 

We adopt the tilde-notation Km as a reminder that these equilibrium ratios are the ones appropriate to the AUa = 0 case considered. Notice then that the indicator function [1 - ba (A )] corresponds to the Boltzmann factor for the solute-solvent interactions of hard-core type, i.e., interactions that are infinitely unfavorable for molecular overlap, but otherwise zero. Thus [56]... 

The production of 13CC>2 from [13C]-deca-BDE degradation was analyzed using the technique of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer for isotope ratio (GC-EMRI). This technique measures the isotopic ratio 13C/12C of CO2 in the gas phase with respect to an international standard V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belem-nite). This isotopic ratio is reported in 8 notation relative to an international standard per mil (%o) ... 

The seven ways (r, through r7) for calculating correlation as the square root of the ratio of the explained variation over the total variation between X (concentration of analyte data) and Y (measured data) are described using many notational forms. For example, many software packages provide built-in functions capable of calculating the coefficient of correlation directly from a pair of X and Y vectors as given by rx (Equation 59-7). 

Figure 6.14 Schematic representation of the scoring system the example illustrated uses the Reference Center set of HER2/Chl7 ratios obtained for the SK-BR3 cell line at Run 4. In this case the lowest ratio obtained by a Reference Center was 3.19, and the highest was 4.10 participants submitting ratios within this range were judged to have achieved an appropriate result (score = 3). The lower cutoff for acceptable ratios (score = 2) was calculated as 3.19 minus 10% of 3.19, that is 2.87 and the upper cutoff was calculated as 4.10 plus 10% of 4.10, that is 4.51. Participants who submitted ratios outside these 10% cutoffs were judged to have achieved an inappropriate result and received a score of 1. Except in the case of the MDA-MB-453 cell line, misdiagnosis (amplified reported as nonamplified, and vice versa) resulted in a score of 0. Superscript notation and abbreviation used in figure Does not apply to results obtained for MDA-MB-453 cell line RC, Reference Center. See color insert.

Isotope ratios are reported using the delta (8) notation in parts per thousand or per mil (%o) 8 X = (Rsample — Rstandard) x 1000/R... 

The most abundant isotope of carbon has a mass of 12 atomic mass units, 12C. A less abundant stable isotope is 13C. And much less abundant is the radioactive isotope t4C, also called radiocarbon. It is convenient to express the abundances of these rare isotopes in terms of ratios of the number of atoms of the rare isotope in a sample to the number of atoms of the abundant isotope. We call this ratio r, generally a very small number. To arrive at numbers of convenient magnitude, it is conventional to express the ratio in terms of the departure of r from the ratio in a standard, which I call. v, and to express this departure in parts per thousand of s. Thus the standard delta notation is... 

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