Rates substituted

The same result can also be obtained directly from Eq. (20.3.16), which expresses reliability in tenns of failure rate. Substituting the failure rate... 

Rate = [N02][F2] To calculate the true rate constant (k), use the expression for the initial rate, substituting data from any of the experiments ... 

Addition of an alkali metal oxide as a "network modifier to the "network former causes pH sensitivity, i.e., small amounts of alkali metal induce superficial gel layer formation as a merely local chemical attack and so with limited alkali error larger amounts will result in more pronounced dissolving properties of the glass up to complete dissolution, e.g., water-glass with large amounts of sodium oxide. Simultaneous addition of an alkaline earth metal oxide, however, diminishes the dissolution rate. Substitution of lithium for sodium in pH-sensitive glass markedly reduces the alkali error. 

The order of addition is important. This procedure affords a solution of high cobalt concentration (approximately 0.2 M) which promotes decomposition of the excess hydrogen peroxide at a desirable rate. Substitution of sodium for potassium hydrogen carbonate makes it impossible to obtain such a high concentration of cobalt in solution. 

In fact, this provides a method for calibrating the laminar jet to determine (/ as a function of the metered gas flow rate. Substituting Eq. (32) in Eq. (31), and solving for U, we have... 

Menten assumptions. However, there is an alternative approach for rapidly calculating the ratio of the reaction rates. Substitution of equation 3.24 into the Michaelis-Menten equation (3.1) gives... 

Numerical calculation of reaction rate Substituting numerical values in the above equation for Col-... 

A theoretical work on the photophysical properties of 353 appeared (06CPL(429)180). 353 can be a promising OLED material in view of its luminous efficiency and transfer rate. Substituted analogs of 353 have been reported showing an absorption band at 431 nm and an emission at 486 and 516 nm (0F 0.27) (01JCS(P1)740). 

The derivative dV/dy is termed the shear rate ( /). Substituting the shear rate into Eq. (6.2) yields ... 

If only one reaction were involved, this energy balance could be used to calculate Tg for a series of arbitarily chosen conversions (.x,)i. Then each value of (x,)j would fix a rate Substitution of these rates in the mass balance, Eq. (3-3), would give the reactor volumes corresponding to the conversions. However, in this case two equations of the form of (3-3) must be satisfied. 

Successive substitution of the methyl groups in TBHP by higher alkyl groups resulted in a steadUy decreasing reaction rate. Substitution of all three methyls by three ethyl groups resulted in a 99% decrease in reaction rate compared to TBHP and a further increase in the steric bulk of the alkyl group as in PHP resulted in a complete... 

In this case, one can determine directly the observed rate substituting Equation 18.25 into rate equation ... 

Parameters Synthesis rate Decomposition rate Substitution rate Double substitution rate... 

Equation 4.8 can be used to compute the theoretical volumetric flow rate. Substituting all the terms. 

Shown in the margin are some dramatic rate effects that were measured under conditions that assist SnI pathways, with only a small fraction of an Sn2 pathway. Substitution of a hydrogen by a methyl on isopropyl chloride gave a 5.5 X lO increase in rate. Substitution of a methyl by a phenyl gives a 4.6 X 10 enhancement. As another series of examples, the relative rates of solvolysis of PhCHaCl, Ph2CHCl, and PhsCCl in mixtures of diethylether/ethanol are 1,1.75 X 10 and 2.5 X 10, respectively. Thus, the addition of phenyl rings dramatically stabilizes conjugated carbocations. 

X t) = item hazard rate (i.e., time-dependent failure rate) Substituting Equation (3.2) into Equation (3.5) yields... 

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