Ras-related GTPases

J. A. Glomset and C. C. Farnsworth. Role of protein modification reactions in programming interactions between ras-related GTPases and cell membranes. Annu Rev Cell Bid, 10, 181-205, 1994. 

Fig. 2. Toxins A and B from Clostridium difficile are glucosyltransferases. They transfer one glucose-moiety from the co-substrate UDP-Glc to small G-proteins belonging to the Rho-subfamily of Ras-related GTPases...

The ancient Rab family GTPases. In the case of the dinoflageUates (zooxan-thellae) living in endosymbiosis with cnidaria hosts, the active exclusion of Rab 11 by the zooxantellae from the cnidaria phagosomes secures the maintenance of the established relationship [517]. In the yeast, Rab family GTPases (rat brain Ras-related GTPase), and yeast transport proteins (Ytp) control vesicular... 

Rab proteins A family of ras-related proteins first observed in rat brain they are GTPases and are active when GTP is found... 

RAN Ran (Ras-related nuclear proteins)/TC4 subfamily of small GTPases E(MFP) 2(2) 1(1) 1IBR... 

The lifetime of the active GTP-bound state may be reduced by regulatory GTPase activating proteins. The primary fimction of the GTPase activating proteins (GAP) is to negatively regulate the Ras proteins and Ras-related proteins. 

The GAP proteins stimulate GTPase activity of the corresponding Ras protein by an active role in catalysis. This mechanism of GTPase stimulation by GAP protein has largely been explained, thanks to the crystal structure of the Ras GAP transition state analog complex (see 9.2.2). The crystal structure of the transition state complex of a Ras-related protein, the RhoA protein, with the corresponding GAP protein has also shown a similar mechanism of GTPase stimulation. 

Proteins that function as GEFs for the Ral GTPase have also been identified as effectors of Ras proteins. The Ral protein is a Ras-related small GTPase of mostly imknown function. The GEFs are proteins known as Ral-GDS, RLF and Rgl (Feig et al., 1996, Wolthuis et al., 1997 ). 

ColiceUi, J. (2004). Human RAS superfamily proteins and related GTPases. Sci STKE 2004 rel3. 

Rcelp and the enzymes that modify CaaX proteins (i.e., isoprenyltrans-ferase and ICMT) have gained clinical interest because of their central role in the maturation of the Ras and Ras-related small GTPases that... 

Colicelli J. Human ras superfamily proteins and related GTPases. 

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