Raman labels

Fang C, Agarwal A, Devi Buddharaju K et al (2008) DNA detection using nanostructured SERS substrates with Rhodamine B as Raman label. Biosens Bioelectron 24 216-221... 

Ni J., Lipert R.J., Dawson G.B., Porter M.D., Immunoassay readout method using extrinsic Raman labels adsorbed on immunogold colloids, Anal. Chem. 1999 71 4903-4908. 

In 1980-1982 comprehensive reviews on Raman and resonance Raman studies of biological and biochemical systems appeared in the literature (Carey and Solares, 1980 Carey, 1982). Particularly work on protein conformation, natural, protein-bound chro-mophores, resonance Raman labels (as already mentioned above), nucleic acids and nucleic acid-protein complexes as well as on lipids, membranes, and carbohydrates were reviewed. 

Shen A, Chen L, Xie W, Hu J, Zeng A, Richards R, Hu J (2010) Triplex Au-Ag-C core-shell nanoparticles as a novel Raman label. Adv Funct Mater 20 969... 

Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect normal modes of target molecules and also to monitor spectra of Raman labels that are used for one of the spectroscopic bar-codes. Raman bands in the vibrational Raman spectmm have intrinsically narrow bandwidths of ca. 10 cm, which, for example, correspond to less than 0.5 nm width in the visible region below 800 nm. The fluorescence of dye molecules has a broad bandwidth of 100 nm more or less. Hence, spectral overlap between fluorescence bands is inevitable and limits their use for multiplexed analysis. Quantum dots (QDs) have narrower bandwidth than dye-based fluorescence but stUl have broad bands that are several tens of nanometers. Light scattering of noble metal nanoparticles caused by surface plasmon resonance is also... 

Wang CG, Chen Y, Wang TT, Ma ZF, Su ZM (2008) Monodispersed gold nanorod-embedded silica particles as novel Raman labels for biosensing. Adv Eunct Mater 18 355-361... 

Sun L, Sung KB, Dentinger C, Lutz B, Nguyen L, Zhang JW, Qin HY, Yamakawa M, Cao MQ, Lu Y, Chmura AJ, Zhu J, Sn X, Berlin A A, Chan S, Knudsen B (2007) Composite organic-inorganic nanoparticles as Raman labels for tissue analysis. Nano Lett 7 351-356... 

Fig. 13.7 The operating principle of the SERS-based molecular sentinel (MS) nanoprobes, (a) The MS nanoprobe is composed of a Raman-labeled DNA hairpin probe and a silver nanoparticle. In the absence of the complementary target DNA, a strong SERS signal is observed due to the hairpin conformation adopted by the MS nanoprobe (left closed state), (b) In the presence of the complementary target DNA, the hairpin conformation of the MS nanoprobe is disrupted and the SERS signal is quenched due to the physical separation of the Raman label from the surface of the silver...

Fang, C., Agarwal, A., Buddharaju, K.D., Khalid, N.M., Salim, S.M., Widjaja, E., Garland, M.V., Balasubramanian, N., and Kwong, D.L. (2008) DNA detection using nanostructured SERS substrates with rhodamine B as Raman label. Biosensors Bioelectronics, 24, 216-221. 

G.J., Otto, C. and Greve, J. (1996) Imaging with extrinsic Raman labels. Appl... 

Nithipatikom, K. McCoy, M. J. Hawi, S. R. Nakamoto, K. Adar, F. Campbell, W. B. Characterization and application of Raman labels for confocal Raman microspectroscopic detection of cellular proteins in single cells. Anal Biochem. 2003, 322, 198-207. 

Various terms for SERS tag can be found in literature, e.g. SERS nanotag, SERS probe, SERS-encoded NP, SERS label, extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs). 

R. Narayanan, R.J. Lipert, M.D. Potter, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified spherical and cube-like gold nanoparticles as extrinsic Raman labels in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based heterogeneous immunoassays. Anal. Chem. 80, 2265 (2008)... 

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