Raman general feature

Consistent with the notion that Raman seattering is due to a ehange in polarizability as a fiinotion of vibration, some of the general features of Raman speetroseopy [3] are ... 

In addition to the many applications of SERS, Raman spectroscopy is, in general, a usefiil analytical tool having many applications in surface science. One interesting example is that of carbon surfaces which do not support SERS. Raman spectroscopy of carbon surfaces provides insight into two important aspects. First, Raman spectral features correlate with the electrochemical reactivity of carbon surfaces this allows one to study surface oxidation [155]. Second, Raman spectroscopy can probe species at carbon surfaces which may account for the highly variable behaviour of carbon materials [155]. Another application to surfaces is the use... 

General features of Raman spectra from carbon nanotubes... 

A complete study of the electronic states of the / configuration of CeClj using the electronic Raman effect has been performed by Kiel eta/, Two pure antisymmetric transitions were observed which are forbidden by normal symmetric tensor selection rules. In this paper the general features of the electronic Raman effect are... 

Although many of these general features are correct, these mechanistic conclusions are based upon the assumption that the properties of the enzyme in solution are conserved on crystallization. It appears from Raman studies on arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase that the enzyme exists in solution in a number of different forms.509 It is not certain that the form which crystallizes out is the kinetically active species. Indeed there is evidence that the kinetics of carboxypeptidase in solution differ from those of the enzyme crystals, with the crystalline enzyme being 1000-fold less active with some substrates.510 The interaction of Gly-L-tyr with Mn carboxypeptidase A, studied by 1H NMR techniques, does not involve coordination of the carboxyl group of the substrate, and may well represent a different conformation from the one studied by crystallographic techniques.511 Several conformational forms of the Cd11 carboxypeptidase A have been found in solution, while the enzyme exists in a different form in the crystal state.312... 

The general feature of the active site of the purple hemocyanin can be elucidated as follows. The purple hemocyanin is an equilibrium mixture of approximately 60% of a slightly deformed species (abbreviated as A) and approximately 40% of a rather seriously deformed species (abbreviated as B). The species A exhibits the Raman peak for the O—O stretching vibration at around 750 cm-1, being ESR-inactive and responsible for the purple color. Though the species turns red upon the addition of NCS-, the oxidation state of the two coppers at the active site probably is kept as Cu(II) in an ESR-inactive structure. To satisfy this requirement, imidazole cannot be the bridg-... 

Joint interpretation of the IR and Raman spectra of biomolecules, which frequently lack symmetry properties, may afford more extensive information concerning the primary, secondary and tertiary structure, than does the interpretation of one type of spectrum only. Many systems can only be investigated in aqueous solution, a good solvent for Raman spectroscopy. The technique of resonance Raman spectroscopy facilitates investigations of pigments and the NIR FT Raman spectroscopy allows the investigation of nearly all samples which has not been possible before due to absorption and fluorescence. Spectra of biomolecules are exhaustively discussed in Sec. 4.7. Here only some general features are discussed. 

These features of the Raman bands of the ZnO nanostructures can be extremely powerful for the in situ identification of orientation of ZnO nanostructures employed in a converse piezoelectric actuator directly in an assembled state [45]. While their study focused on ZnO nanostructures, the authors noted that the general features (Raman bands and the waveguiding effect) described are equally applicable to other wurtzite type nanostructures and the approach suggested might serve as a universal tool for the versatile characterization of GaN, ZnS, and CdSe from the wurtzite family, which are utilized for optoelectronics, lasing, and piezoelectricity. 

General Features of Infrared and Raman Spectra of Cells... 

Although this section has concentrated on the NMR spectrum, the topological and symmetry available encapsulated in the face spiral or the adjacency matrix can equally well be used to construct IR and Raman signatures for a set of fullerene isomers. One practical problem with their use for comparison with experiment is that it seems to be a general feature of fullerenes and their compounds that many of the allowed IR and Raman bands have low intensity, so that the number of allowed peaks is not of itself such a valuable piece of information as in the case of the NMR spectmm. 

Table 6.1. General features of the infrared and Raman spectra of Ice I Ockman, 1958 Taylor Whalley, 1964 Bertie Sf Whalley, 1964a, 1967) for HfD and D O.

The spectra were taken from the hydrated samples without any chemical treatment. For excitation an Nd-YAG laser was used at 1064 nm with a laser power of 450 mW. As a general feature of all Raman spectra of zeolites, the stretching modes above 600 cm are of lower intensities and give less structured bands than the bending modes in the range below 600 cm k As in the corresponding infrared... 

Raman spectra of amorphous films of group IV and III-IV compounds were studied by Smith etal (1971) and Wihl etal (1971). In Figure 4.3 the Raman spectrum of a-Ge multiplied by co/[l + n(co)] is shown and compared with the band state densities of phonons in c-Ge as calculated by Dolling and Cowley (1966). We see that the general features of both curves... 

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