Rainbow body

The Gnostics termed the solar, or rainbow body, the robe of glory — robe meaning a vesture or sheath for the spirit. The poet Bardesanes wrote The Hymn of the Robe of Glory, which tells of the soul s descent into matter and its ultimate re-ascent. The pearl mentioned at the end of the poem, is the pearl of Great Price, the Philosopher s Stone ... 

Niimi, A.J. and G.P. Kissoon. 1994. Evaluation of the critical body burden concept based on inorganic and organic mercury toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26 169-178. 

Half-time persistence of zinc in the prawn (Palaemon elegans) is about 17 days (Nugegoda and Rainbow 1988b), and between 30 and 270 days for five other crustacean species (NAS 1979). Differences in half-time persistence are finked to differences in excretion rates of ionic zinc and complexed zinc. In general, ionic zinc in crustaceans is excreted first, then complexed zinc surface-adsorbed zinc is turned over faster than internally adsorbed zinc molting accounts for 33 to 50% loss of the total body burden in crabs (Eisler 1981). 

McGeachy, S.M. and D.G. Dixon. 1992. Whole-body arsenic concentrations in rainbow trout during acute exposure to arsenate. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 24 301-308. 

Figure 3. Time course of Na+ binding to the exterior surface ( , gill and body combined) of 10 g rainbow trout compared with uptake into the entire plasma volume (O) or whole livers ( ) of the fish. Na+ uptake into the liver is also normalised to 0.325 g of fresh liver weight (A) to enable a direct comparison with the blood volume of the 10 g fish (0.325 ml, see Gingerich and Pityer [87]). Fish were dipped in 500 ml fresh water containing 0.2 mmol l 1Na+ and 10 p,Ci of 22Na+ (see [30] for other water-quality details), and then rinsed in 30 1 of unlabelled freshwater for 15 s to remove excess radio-isotope. Data are means S.E. (n = 6 fish). Note that Na+ measurements in/on tissues are absolute amounts in nmoles, not concentration units...

Handy, R. D. and Eddy, F. B. (1991). Effects of inorganic cations on sodium adsorption to the gill and body surface of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in dilute solutions, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 48, 1829-1837. 

Handy, R. D. (1989). The ionic composition of rainbow trout body mucus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A., 93, 571-575. 

Gingerich, W. H. and Pityer, R. A. (1989). Comparison of whole body and tissue blood volumes in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri) with 1251 bovine serum albumin and 51Cr-erythrocyte tracers, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 6, 39-47. 

May I also be exalted though the humble humility of Thy Son, rising through his assistance out of the dust and ashes and changing into a pure spiritual body of Rainbow colours, like unto the transparent, crystal-like, paradisical Gold, that my own nature may be redeemed and purified. 

Figure 1. Whole-body autoradiograms of rainbow trout exposed to fenitroihion...

The question now is What happens to the absolute amount of PCB accumulated by fish if they continue to be fed contaminated food after whole body PCB concentration has reached a steady state The answer is that they continue to accumulate PCB at app-oximately the same rate that they grow (2,24). This is shown in Figure 2 for juvenile rainbow trout fed 15 ppm of Aroclor 1254 (24). Panel A reveals that PCB concentration in whole fish increased until a steady state was reached between 24 and 32 weeks. Panel B demonstrates that the absolute amount of PCB accumulated by the fish increased in an exponential fashion throughout the study and panel C shows that wet weight of the fish also increased exponentially. Taken together these findings demonstrate that whole body PCB concentration reaches a steady state between 24 and 32 weeks od dietary exposure (A) because the exponential increase in total amount of PCB accumulated (B) is offset by the exponential increase in bo-y weight (C). 

Figure 8. Effect of egg maturation and spawning on whole-body elimination of, 4C-4-CB residues in female rainbow trout. Top panel is for 4-CB elimination from whole fish. Each point and associated vertical bar (mean SE) represents percentage of whole-body residue of I4C-4-CB at time of transfer to 4-CB-free water (time zero). Vertical dotted line designates last group of fish sampled before whole-body elimination of 4-CB appeared to increase (35).

A final point is that in laboratory studies reducing lipid content of rainbow trout by starvation did not increase whole body PCB elimination (24). Instead PCB concentration in body fat increased as the absolute amount of fat in the fish decreased (24). The latter has also been shown in coho salmon (33). Thus, reducing body fat by starvation does not appear to be a very effective way of increasing PCB elimination in fatty fish. 

Acetylated MS-222 was found in much higher concentrations in the urine than in the blood of rainbow trout. This suggests that the kidney concentrated the drug metabolite, or that MS-222 was acetylated in the kidney and excreted in the urine (28). Weber (31) stated that acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid and sulfamethazine is catalyzed by most of the tissues in the body. He showed that in rabbits the acetylation of these amines by the kidney of rabbit is a small percentage of the total acetylation capability, but that the kidney is involved in this biotransformation. 

Alterations in Rainbow Trout Liver Function and Body Fluids Following Treatment with Carbon Tetrachloride or Monochlorobenzene... 

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