Rain water recycle

Kousky V . and Molion L.C.V., Uma contribuiqao a climatologia da dindmica da tro-posfera sobre a Amazonia. In Proc. Workshop on Precipitation and Water Recycling in Tropical Rain Forests , CENA, Piracicaba (November 1981), Acta Amazdnica , in press (1983). 

Salati E., Lovejoy T.E. and Vose P.B., Precipitation and water recycling in tropical rain forests with especial reference to the Amazon Basin. The Environmentalist , 3, 67-71 (1983). 

The main problems with rain and grey water recycle are pubhc acceptance, and the cost of very different plumbing circuits, to take two grades of water around the house or apartment building. 

Pb concentration in the environment, on the other hand, is strongly influenced by air concentration and rain rate, in addition to direct emissions to water. For this metal the exposure pathway via burning gains a high importance among the different informal recycling processes. 

Water storage Plastic rain barrels are relatively cheap and come in many sizes some are made from recycled plastic, which is a bonus. Wooden barrels are undoubtedly more attractive, but they do tend to leak if not kept completely full. 

Another independent method has been used to prove and estimate the recycling of water vapour in Amazon, using 0 and D (deuterium) concentrations in rain and river waters (Salati et al., 1979). The isotopic method is simple in principle and gives a deeper insight into the hydro-logical cycle, such as an estimate of the water vapour that enters and leaves the region. 

NH4+ is recycled rapidly and repeatedly between living biomass (phytoplankton, the zooplankton that graze on them, protozoans, bacteria and archaea) and the inorganic nutrient form, which is released from heterotrophic metabohsm and grazing. Nitrate, on the other hand, is new N because it is virtually absent from the euphotic zone most of the time and must be transported into the system by physical means—mixing or upweUing from deep waters or faUing in rain — in order for phytoplankton to use it. The rate of supply can be equated with the steady... 

Implications of these results are that phosphorus removed from the surface waters as biological flux is 30-65 times more hkely to come from upwelling than from rivers (1.3-3.0 x 10 /4.6 x 10 ), indicating that ocean circulation is far more important in regulating biological productivity than river inflow. Also, only 1 in 30-65 atoms of P that rains to the deep ocean is actually buried the rest are degraded in the deep and recycled back to surface waters. This results in a residence time for phosphorus with respect to burial of 30 000-65 000 y 30-65 times the ocean circulation rate. 

One of the best things anyone with outdoor space can do is to store rainwater and use it to water plants and top up water features or bird baths, especially in periods of no rain. Rainwater barrels are widely available in various sizes, shapes, and materials (usually recycled plastic or wood), and many municipalities offer them at discounted prices to encourage gardeners to use them. A barrel can be connected to a down pipe with a simple diverter kit, which also prevents the barrel from overflowing. If you have space, you can even connect a second barrel to the first one, and install others to catch rain from sheds or flat roofs. 

Fig. 4.53. Biogeochemical cycle of Si on the ECS shelf (xlO mol/yr). River inputs, Fr atmospheric deposition, Fa net deposition of BSi in sediments, Fb BSi gross production, Fp(gi.oss) silicate flux recycled in the surface layer, FD(surface> BSi flux exported toward the deep layer, FE(export) silicate flux recycled in the deep layer, FD(deep) j silicate flux transferred from the deep layer to the surface layer, F p silicate flux at the sediment-water interface, F fbentWc) BSi flux that reaches the sediment-water interface, s(rain) silicate input through the Taiwan Strait water, Ftsw, and Kuroshio water, Fkw offehore transport of sihcate, Fsmw (Liu et al., 2005) (With permission from Marine Ecology Progress Series)...

When we adopt the idea that water was carried by icy ammonia hydrate bodies to the earth not only at the very beginning of the earth s formation around 4.6 Gy ago but also during the LHB 4 Gyr ago - when the oceans had already been recycled by the hot surface together with evaporation of dissolved species - there was competition between NH3 photolysis, an irreversible transformation process into N2 (no abiotic process is known on earth that produces NH3 and CH4 under natural conditions), and NH3 scavenging by rain. It also remains open to speculation how much of the ammonia was probably produced from nitrides. 

There is no need to make water in the laboratory, or in factories, because there is so much of it around already. Nearly three-quarters of the earth s surface is covered by water. It rains from the sky and pours to the sea as streams and rivers. Why does the supply not run out Because the water is continually recycled in the water cycle ... 

---