Radiopharmaceuticals indium

The gallium and indium complexes of novel bis(thiosemicarbazones) have been investigated.71-73 Initial publications indicated a more complex stoichiometry where X-ray crystal structures suggested either dinuclear or trinuclear complexes. Whereas these complexes are quite interesting, they are less likely to result in useful nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals. The bis(thiosemi-carbazones) are quite useful as ligands for copper, and are discussed in more detail vide infra). 

Radiopharmaceuticals are also formed from radionuclides of gallium(III),indium(III) and a few other polyvalent cations. The applications of these species are discussed in subsequent sections. 

Clements, J.P., Wagner, H.N. Jr, Stern, H.S., and Goodwin, D.A. (1968) Indium 113mdiethyltriaminopentacetic acid (DTPA) a new radiopharmaceutical for brain scanning. American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nuclear Medicine, 104, 139-144. 

Mathias, C. J., Waters, D. J., Wang, S Low, P. S and Green, M. A. (1997) Indium-111 labeled Indium(III)-DTPA-folate as a radiopharmaceutical for targeting tumor-associated folate receptors the effect of tumor size on targeting selectivity and radiochemical analysis of excreted tracer, in 12th International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden. 

Most radiopharmaceutical kits available today are technetium-99m compounds, while a limited number involves indium-113m complexes. Few kits are also used for the preparation of iodine-123 radiopharmaceuticals. 

Sampson CB (1995) Influence of drugs on cell labelling. 6th European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals. Graz, March 1995 Saverymuttu SH, Peters AM, Lavender JP et al (1983) Quantitative fecal indium-111 labelled leukocyte excretion in the assessment of activity in Crohn s disease. Gastroenterology 85 1333. Scheffel U, Tsan MF, McIntyre M (1979) Labeling of human platelets with ( In)8-hydroxyquino-line. J Nucl Med 20 524-531... 

Moerlein SM and Welch MJ (1981) The chemistry of gallium and indium as related to radiopharmaceutical production. Int J Nucl Med Biol 8 277-287. 

Moerlein SM, Welch MJ, Raymond KN and Weitl FL (1981) Tricatecholamide analogs of enterobactin as gallium- and indium-binding radiopharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med 22 710-719. 

Indium was first introduced in nuclear medicine as radiopharmaceuticals... 

The coordination chemistry of gallium and indium has been reviewed in Chapters 25.1 and 25.2. Other reviews relating specifically to radiopharmaceutical applications have been provided by Thakur, more recently by Moerlein and Welch and, in the case of indium, by Kaempfer. ... 

A variety of radiotracers are used in clinical work, the most used isotopes being technetium-99m, iodine-131, tantalum-201, xenon-133, and indium-113m. The use of technetium, Tc, dominates, since it can be made to react with many substances having specific biological behavior. Tc is obtained from an isotope generator, which is based on the radioactive decay of radioactive molybdenum, Mo. Pharmaceuticals containing Tc are usually introduced by intravenous injection. Some radiopharmaceuticals may also be introduced orally, e.g., for those containing iodine this is the common procedure. 

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