Radionuclide effective

Sources of Environmental Radioactivity Environmental Transport of Radionuclides Effects of Radioactivity on Biota The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Concluding Remarks... 

Radionuclides Effective dose commitment/ jiSv External Ingestion Inhalation Total exposure... 

Indicator organisms are biota that may not be significant in relation to pathways of human exposure and are therefore not used for dose assessment pnrposes, bnt that concentrate radionuclides effectively and so can be utilized as sensitive indicators for assessing trends in environmental radiation levels and activity concentrations of radionuclides in the environment. 

Reactor coolant pressure boundary - effective sink due to plateout of some radionuclides, effective diffusion barrier for all radionuclides. 

For a radionuclide to be an effective oceanic tracer, various criteria that link the tracer to a specihc process or element must be met. Foremost, the environmental behavior of the tracer must closely match that of the target constituent. Particle affinity, or the scavenging capability of a radionuclide to an organic or inorganic surface site i.e. distribution coefficient, Kf, is one such vital characteristic. The half-life of a tracer is another characteristic that must also coincide well with the timescale of interest. This section provides a brief review of the role of various surface sites in relation to chemical scavenging and tracer applications. 

Investigate accidents which may have led to persons receiving effective doses in excess of 6 mSv or an equivalent dose greater than 30% of any relevant dose limit. Investigate and report to the authorities loss of materials from accidental release to atmosphere, spillages, theft. The Regulations provide a comprehensive list of notifiable concentrations for each radionuclide isotope. 

Radionuclides MCLG (mgILf MCL or TT (mg/L) Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water... 

Chapter 6 was concerned, with determining the probability of various failures leading to insufficient core cooling of a nuclear reactor. This chapter describes how the accident effects are calculated as the accident progresses from radionuclide release, radionuclide migration within the plant, escape from retaining structures, atmospheric radionuclide transport and the public health effects. 

The analysis of the consequences of nuclear accidents began with physical concepts of core melt, discussed the mathematical and code models of radionuclide release and transport within the plant to its release into the environment, models for atmospheric transport and the calculation of health effects in humans. After the probabilities and consequences of the accidents have been determined, they must be assembled and the results studied and presented to convey the meanings. 

The inventory of long-lived fission products is far less than an LWR because of the short exposure of the fuel to minimize Pu-240 production. But the health effects from an accident are comparable because it primarily results from short lived radionuclides. 

Fleischer RL (1982) Alpha-recoil damage and solution effects in minerals uranium isotopic disequilibrium and radon release. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46 2191-2201 Fleischer RL (1988) Alpha-recoil damage relation to isotopic disequilibrium and leaching of radionuclides. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52 1459-1466... 

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