Radiators, household

List all potentially toxic agents to which patient has been exposed, and describe circumstances of exposure. Give any information available on dose or exposure, (include radiation, household products, industrial and agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, etc.)... 

Temperature can be measured from heat transfer by conduction, convection, or radiation. Household thermometers use either the expansion of metals or other substances or the increase in resistance with temperature. Thermocouples measure the electromotive force generated by temperature difference. Pyrometers measure infrared radiation from a heat source. Spectroscopic thermometry compares the spectrum of radiation against a blackbody spectrum. Temperature-sensitive paints and liquid crystals change intensity of radiation in certain wavelengths with temperature. 

Sodium bisulfate, NaHSO, is a convenient mild acid and is safe for uses as a household toilet-bowl cleaner, automobile-radiator cleaner, and for swimming pool pH adjustment. It is used for metal pickling, as a dye-reducing agent, for soil disinfecting, and as a promoter in hardening certain types of cement. 

Microwaves have wavelengths between 1 mm and 1 m and hence have similar frequencies to radar and telecommunication devices. So as not to cause interference with these systems the frequency of radiation that can be emitted by household and industrial appliances is strictly regulated, with most appliances operating at a fixed frequency of 2.45 GHz. To some extent this reduces the flexibility of such equipment. 

All the isotopes and compounds of americium are deadly sources of radiation and cause radiation poisoning and death. Precautions must be taken when working with it. The small amount of americium-241 found in smoke detectors in household smoke alarms is harmless unless the isotope is removed and swallowed. 

Vapor binding, or air lock, is another common cause of household radiator malfunction. Often, the vapor accumulating in the radiator is CO,2, rather than air. The C02 originates from the thermal decomposition of carbonates in the boiler. Regardless, air and C02 form a noncondensable vapor in the radiator. These noncondensables mix with the steam in the radiator. The noncondensables then reduce the concentration of the steam, by dilution. The diluted steam has a lower partial pressure than pure steam. The lower the partial pressure of the steam, the more difficult it is to condense. As the rate of condensation of the steam drops, so does the heat radiated by the radiator. 

Microwaves are electromagnetic radiation placed between infrared radiation and radio frequencies, with wavelengths of 1 mm to 1 m, which corresponds to the frequencies of 300 GHz to 300 MHz, respectively. The extensive application of microwaves in the field of telecommunications means that only specially assigned frequencies are allowed to be allocated for industrial, scientific or medical applications (e.g., most of wavelength of the range between 1 and 25 cm is used for mobile phones, radar and radio-line transmissions). Currently, in order not to cause interference with telecommunication devices, household and industrial microwave ovens (applicators) are operated at either 12.2 cm (2.45 GHz) or 32.7 cm (915 MHz). However, some other frequencies are also available for heating [1]. Most common domestic microwave ovens utilize the frequency of 2.45 GHz, and this may be a reason that all commercially available microwave reactors for chemical use operate at the same frequency. 

Every substance at a finite temperature continually radiates energy, with a distribution (spectrum) which depends on the surface temperature. Figure 5.1 shows these spectra for two different temperatures 5800K (the surface temperature of the sun) and 3000K (the surface temperature of the tungsten filament in a household halogen lamp, which is a special kind of incandescent light bulb). 

The traditional elastomeric threads have been subject to certain inherent limitations, however. The presence of unreacted double bonds makes them sensitive to oxidation, especially with exposure to the ultraviolet radiation of direct sunlight. They also have low resistance to laundry and household bleaches and dry-cleaning fluids. 

A wealth of new information about radiation exposure over the past decade prompted the revision of the BSS. First and foremost, a study of the biological effects of radiation doses received by the survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki suggested that exposure to low-level radiation was more likely to cause harm than previously estimated. Other developments—notably the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in 1979 and that at Chernobyl in 1986, with its unprecedented transboundary contamination—had a profound effect on the public perception of the potential danger from radiation exposure. There were serious accidents with radiation sources used in medicine and industry in Mexico, Brazil, El Salvador and other countries. In addition, more has been discovered about natural radiation—such as household radon—as a cause of concern for health. Finally, natural radiation exposures of workers such as miners, who were not thought of as radiation workers, were discovered to be much higher than had been realised. 

There are no known contraindications to the use of IPV. OPV should not be given to persons who are immunocompromised due to immunodeficiency diseases, leukemia, lymphoma or generalized malignancy or who are immunosuppressed due to therapy with glucocorticoids, alkylating drugs, antimetabolites, or radiation. If poliomyelitis immunization is indicated in such persons, IPV should be used. OPV should also be avoided when immunizing household contacts of immunocompromised patients. 

Use Packaging, refrigerator doors, air-conditioner cases, containers and molded household wares, machine housings, electrical equipment, toys, clock and radio cabinets. Foam Thermal insulations, light construction (as in boats, etc.), ice buckets, water coolers, fillers in shipping containers, furniture construction. Spheres Radiator leak stopper. 

Filter papers coated with PBO were exposed to IR radiation from a 60 W Philips IF bulb at a distance of 100 mm for 48 hours. This experiment was repeated using a 60 W tungsten household bulb. 

Toxicology Abstracts. U.S.A. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts. Monthly. ISSN 0140-5365. Each issue contains approximately 800 abstracts covering the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, food, agrochemicals, cosmetics, toiletries, household products, industrial chemicals, metals, natural substances, poisons, polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, and radiation. Toxicological methods and papers concerned with legislation are also included. 

Pyrex glass SiOj, 60-80% B2O3, 10-25% AI2O3, small amount Low thermal expansion transparent to visible and infrared, but not to UV, radiation. Used mainly in laboratory and household cooking glassware. 

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