Radian 34

Phase lag = total depth of metal/skin depth, therefore phase lag is given by dV7t[Pg.321]

The FVH representation allows us to visualize the results of more eomplieated laser pulse sequenees. A laser pulse whieh takes f from (0,0,-l) to (0,0,1) is ealled a ii-pulse sinee the f veetor preeesses ii radians about the field veetor. Similarly, a pulse whieh takes f from (0,0,-l) to (+1,0,0) is ealled a Ji/2-pulse. The state represented by tlie veetor (+1,0,0) is a eoherent superposition of tlie upper and lower states of the system. 

Here i is now a double bond up to the seventh sphere (D,7 ) of non-rotatablc bonds centered on the proton, Td is the distance of the proton from the center of the double bond, and is the angle, in radians, between the plane defined by the bond and the distance q, (Figure 10.2-6a). 

In order to account for axial and equatorial positions of protons bonded to cyclo-hcxanc-likc rings, Eq, (19) was used, where 1 is an atom three non-rotatablc bonds (totally atoms) away from the proton and belonging to a six-membered ring, and is a dihedral angle in radians (Figure 10.2-6c). 

Theconslanl 2.5111S converls between MM+ slrelch-bend force consianis expressed in inillidynes per radian and IlyperChem s defanll, kcal per degree. 

The cycle of oscillation is 0 to 2n, precisely the circumference of a circle. After one cycle of 2n radians is complete, another cycle begins, identical to the one before it. The angular frequency in radians co is related to the frequency expressed in units of complete cycles per second v as co = 2nv, whence... 

Three 10,0-g masses are connected by springs to fixed points as harmonic oscillators showui in Fig, 3-12, The Hooke s law force constants of the springs ai e 2k. k, and k as showui, where k = 2.00 N m, What are the pei iods and frequencies of oscillation in hertz and radians per second in each of the three cases a, b, and e ... 

The point z can also be located by establishing polar coordinates in the complex plane where r is the radius vector and 0 is the phase angle. Draw suitable polar coordinates for the Argand plane. What is r for the point 7 = 3 + 4i7 What is 0 in degrees and radians ... 

The eireular frequeney of the radiation co (radians per seeond) and the wave veetor k (the magnitude of k is k = 2tc/Z, where X is the wavelength of the light) eontrol the temporal... 

MMh- is SF = 7.0 x 10". The constant 0.043828 converts the MMh-bending constants expressed in millidyne-Aper radian to... 

The constant 2.51118 converts between MM-t stretch-bend force constants expressed in millidynes per radian and HyperChem s default, kcal per degree. 

Plane angle radian rad The plane angle between two radii of a circle which cut off on the circumference an arc equal in length to the radius. 

Radian per second squared revolution per minute squared 572.958... 

Revolution per minute squared radian per second squared 0.001 745 33... 

Revolution per second squared radian per second squared 6.283 185... 

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