Radial silk

The different spinning glands in the spider s abdomen produce different kinds of silks, such as draglines, frame threads, mooring radial threads, spiral threads, sticky material, egg cocoon, swathing bands and attachment discs. 

The mechanical behaviour of radial and capture silks differs greatly. For example, the wet and soft sticky spiral of the Araneus diadematus garden spider absorbs energy by large extendibility circa 500%) of the wetted thread which develops substantial force only after 100-200% extension with... 

The study of the chemical and physical processes occurring in T Tauri outflows is of great importance as these stars have been proposed as the energy source of Herbig-Haro objects (Schwartz 1978 Canto 1978) and turbulence in molecular clouds (Norman and Silk 1980, Franco 1983). In this work, the physical model of the outflow is taken from Hartmann, Edwards and Avrett (1982) in which the primary stellar wind (i.e. wind that has not interacted with its environment) is ionized and heated by Alfven waves in the star s convection zone to reach a terminal velocity (of about 230 kms ) and a maximum temperature (of 20,000 K, cf. Hartmann et al. model no. 2) at z = 3 to 5, where z is the radial ordinate in units of stellar radii (r t 2 x 10 cm). Thereafter the wind expands and cools radlatively and adiabatically. Other parameters for the model are the initial wind density at z = 1 (oq lO - cm ), the density at z = 5 (n < 5 X 10 to 10 cm ) and the stellar photospheric temperature 4000 E). The cooling rate of the wind is obviously dependent on the physical conditions within the ejecta and in any case is by no means certain. Hartmann et al. suggest a... 

The crystallite size can be obtained from the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) pattern of a silk fiber. Radial integration along the equator and meridian on the WAXS gives the radial peak width on the (200), (120), and (002) reflections. According to Scherrer s formula [85], the crystal size is... 

---