R-lines

The rotational selection mle for a transition is A/ = 1. Lines which have J = J" - are called P lines and the set of them is called the P branch of the band. Lines for which J = J + wq called R lines and tlie set of them the R branch. (Although not seen in a transition, a branch with f = f would be called a Q... 

R, = line resistance per phase. It has been ignored and the line is considered lossless Z = surge impedance of the line... 

P.D. Horn and Y.M. Gupta, Wavelength Shift of the Ruby Luminescence R Lines Under Shock Compression, Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 856-858 (1986). 

S.M. Sharma and Y.M. Gupta, Theoretical Analysis of R-Line Shifts of Ruby Subjected to Different Deformation Conditions. Accepted for publication, Phys. Rev. B (1990). 

A qualitatively new result appears in the opposite limit when broadening is adiabatic (Atc 1). In this case only the resolved spectrum is worthy of discussion but in the vicinity of P and R lines the broadening is almost the same as before (Fig. 4.5). The significant changes are on the periphery of both resonances. The far wings of the spectrum do not follow the power law but instead, for

FIG. 49. Material properties as function of fmax at three temperatures (a) refractive index nseV-and (b) microstructure parameter R. Lines are to guide the eyes, (Adapted from E. A. G. Hamers, Ph.D. Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 1998.)... 

Reynolds R, Line LL, Nelson RF (1974) Electrochemical generation of carbazoles from aromatic amines. J Am Chem Soc 96(4) 1087-1092... 

In this problem, the feed is not at its boiling-point so the slope of the r/-line must be determined in order to locate the intersection of the operating lines. 

It varies strongly with DqlB and may be positive or negative, as shown in Figure 11.11. The dashed lines indicate the energy level positions of a number of different crystals. In a high-strength crystal field, DqlB 2.3 as in ruby (Al203 Cr3+) and alexandrite(41) AE > 0 (2350 cm-1 and -800 cm-1 for ruby(42) and alexandrite,(41) respectively), and the Cr3+ emission is dominated by the sharp R lines (2E 4A2 transition). However,... 

A photodetector with a suitable spectral response for the detection of the fluorescence emission. As mentioned above, the fluorescence of most Cr3+-activated materials consists of either the red R-lines or a broadband infrared emission with the peak wavelengths ranging from -750 to 1000 nm, or both emissions. Thus, the widely available, compact and inexpensive silicon PIN photodiodes are the most suitable photodetectors for these applications. In some particular circumstances, where high speed and high sensitivity of detection are required, a silicon-based avalanche diode could be the best alternative to the PIN photodiode, at small price premium ... 

D. F. Nelson and M. D. Sturge, Relation between absorption and emission in the region of the R lines of ruby, Phys. Rev. 137 (4k), A1117-A1130 (1965). 

Ahrens and Strehlow (1965) have used the broadening of N.M.R. lines to investigate aqueous solutions containing 1-4 to 56 mole % acetaldehyde. Their values of increase with aldehyde concentration ... 

Another important detail on the Sugano-Tanabe diagram shown in Figure 6.8 is the vertical line at the value DqlB = 2.2, at which the states T2g and E are equal in energy. This value of DqlB is usually referred to as the crossover value. Materials (crystal - - ion) for which Dq/B is less than the crossover value are usually called low crystal field materials. Eor these materials, the lowest energy level is the " T2g and so they present a characteristic broad and intense emission band associated with the spin-allowed T2g A2g transition (which is usually a vibronic transition). On the other hand, the materials on the right-hand side of the crossover line are called high crystal field materials. These materials (such as the ruby crystal) present a narrow-line emission related to the spin-forbidden Eg A2g transition, usually called R-line emission. 

The number of patterns for a loop with r lines is given by... 

The increase in time resolution of advanced sorption uptake methods and the joint use of sorption and radio-spectroscopic techniques allow for a more detailed analysis of the so-called "non-Fickian" behaviour of sorbing species in the intracrystalline bulk phase [18,28,29,76]. Correspondingly, information on molecular dynamics has been obtained for n-butane and 2-but ne in NFI zeolites by means of the single step frequency response method and C n.m.r. line-shape analysis [29]. As can be seen from Figures 4 and 5, the ad- / desorption for both sorbates proceeds very quickly, but with a... 

Luminescence spectra of ZrSi04 Cr at different temperatures imder Aex = 532 nm demonstrate narrow lines and broad bands in the red-IR range. Cr " ions can be easily detected by a distinct E- A2 transition (R-line) at 694 nm (Fig. 5.27b). It appears above 150 K whereas at lower temperatures only T2- A2... 

Fig. 3 Ruby R-line spectrum at 21.9 GPa and 300 K, as measured from a pressure cell containing Pr metal [145]. The total wavelength shift at this pressure is some 8 nm...

Fig. 3. When subjected to non-hydrostatic pressure, the width of the R-lines increases [113, 139], and this has been used to determine the hydrostatic limits of a number of pressure transmitting fluids. An extensive review of ruby at high pressures has recently been written by K. Syassen [142].

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