Quaternary ammonium cellulose anion exchangers

Uniformity of distribution was also indicated by SEM and EDAX data. A mono-quaternary ammonium cellulose anion exchanger (3.46% N, 31.3% I) was exchanged in non-aqueous media with NaSCN. Wet analyses (4.86% N, 0% I, and 5.70% S) indicated it was 100% converted to the thiocyanate form. Ultra-thin cross sections of the fibers in the thiocyanate form examined by EDAX revealed that sulfur was uniformly distributed throughout the fibers. The cross-section of the fiber shown in (Fig. 10) (upper) and EDAX scan (lower) are Illustrative of the uniform distribution of sulfur in a diquaternary ammonium cellulose thiocyanate. This is typical of a quaternary or diquaternary product in the SCN form. 

Use of non-aqueous solvents such as methanol for the preparation of the sodium cel 1 u1 osates, tertiary butanol for the preparation of the tertiary amine, diethyl ami noethylcellulose and absolute ethanol for the preparation of quaternary ammonium compounds from the tertiary amine celluloses has made it possible to form cellulose anion exchangers in fabric form that contain up to 4.0% nitrogen. Usually, the maximum amount of nitrogen obtained with aqueous preparations is approximately 0.7%. 

Recently, we have characterized tertiary amine and quaternary ammonium celluloses made either aqueously or non-aqueously by a variety of instrumental techniques. These techniques have also been used to follow effects of a given anion on the cellulose matrix of a quaternary ammonium cellulose exchanger when the exchanger prepared non-aqueously comes in contact with water. 

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