Quark confinement

F. Wilczek, in Quark Confinement and Field Theory, Wiley, New York, 1977, pp. 211-219. 

Brambilla, N. and U, Prospcri Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum Proceedings of the 5th International Conference, World Scientific Publishing Company, Inc, Riveredge. NJ, 2003. 

Taken together, these works gave rise to a contradiction which led theorists to the idea of quarks confinement. At the same time, these papers gave birth to a new direction which Ya.B. began to develop in the 1960s, a bridge between cosmology and elementary particle physics. 

The final model that accounts for nuclear stabilities must, of course, be the strong force, or rather the residual component of the strong force that works outside of quark confinement. Natural or artificial radioactive nuclei can exhibit several decay modes a decay (N1 = N — 4, Z = Z — 2, A = A — 4, with emission of a 2He4 nucleus), which is dominant for elements of atomic number greater than Pb / -decay or electron emission (N1 = N — 1, Z = Z + 1, A = A this involves the weak force and the extra emission of a neutrino) positron or / + decay (N = N + 1, Z =Z — 1, A = A, emission of a positron and an antineutrino this also involves the weak force) y decay no changes in N or Z, and electron capture (N1 =... 

As a result of quark confinement, the observed range of the strong interaction between two hadrons is quite limited, it is about 1 fm= 10 m, close to the size of the atomic nucleus. That means that the nuclear force binding the nucleus is the relatively weak tail of the color interaction appearing outside the nucleons, similarly to the chemical bond or to the van der Waals forces acting among neutral molecules or atoms, due to the Coulomb interaction within the atom. 

Franklin, G., Colloquium Carnegie Mellon, September 1989, "A Strange Test of Quark Confinement Models Hunting the H-Dibaryon."... 

Quark Confinement. We explore the multiparametric higher order... 

---