Quantum behavior

This journal issue features the many unusual properties of carbon nanotubes. Most of these unusual properties are a direct consequence of their ID quantum behavior and symmetry properties, including their unique conduction propertiesjll] and their unique vibrational spectra[8]. 

Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) in order to address the possibly very fundamental role CA-like dynamics may play in the microphysical domain, some form of quantum dynamical generalization to the basic rule structure must be considered. One way to do this is to replace the usual time evolution of what may now be called classical site values ct, by unitary transitions between fe-component complex probability- amplitude states, ct > - defined in sncli a way as to permit superposition of states. As is standard in quantum mechanics, the absolute square of these amplitudes is then interpreted to give the probability of observing the corresponding classical value. Two indepcuidently defined models - both of which exhibit much of the typically quantum behavior observed in real systems are discussed in chapter 8.2,... 

There is a qualitative universality in the quantum behavior of class-3 rules, whose threshold plots typically consist of strong local oscillation patterns. Although clearly a maJiifestation of the fundamental additivity of probability amplitudes, the majority of patterns also possess distinctive local regularities by which evolutions defined by particular rules can be uniquely identified characteristic features of the... 

Another experiment that relates to the physical interpretation of the wave function was performed by O. Stem and W. Gerlach (1922). Their experiment is a dramatic illustration of a quantum-mechanical effect which is in direct conflict with the concepts of classical theory. It was the first experiment of a non-optical nature to show quantum behavior directly. 

The upshot of the results presented above is that a suitable QMT or SCT model which allows for interpenetration of reactants, albeit still within the realm of "outer-sphere" exchange, yields quite satisfactory detailed agreement with experiment and leads to a mechanism characterized by a modest, but nevertheless significant, degree of quantum behavior in both the electronic and nuclear aspects of the process, compactly represented by i<, 0.17 and V = 3.5. The rather small value of... 

Note that the set of the electromagnetic knots contains some with very low energy, for which n is necessarily very small. Even if they can be defined as classical fields, the real system would have quantum behavior, since the action involved would be of the order of h. On the other hand, there are states with n small and even zero, which have, however, macroscopic energy. They are those for which Nr, Nr are large. When n is large, the photon contents are high and the energy is macroscopic. These are the states for which the classical approximation is valid. 

The model is similar to a positronium atom, so that nonrelativistic quantum behavior of the photon may be obtained from conventional quantum mechanics. Relativistic predictions require application of Dirac s theory see, for instance, Chaps. XI-XII of the standard textbook by Dirac [129] himself. As a first... 

Frozen current vortices (FCV) in superconductors can serve as essential elements of magnetic recording and as a convenient subject for investigations magnetic flux pinning at a transport current / across the superconductor, annihilation of two FCV with opposite magnetic flux, quantum behavior of frozen magnetic flux in the FCV, collective flow of FCV under the influence of the transport current I (Fig.5a). 

The total pseudo- and quasitorques which appear due to quantum behavior of electrons in the QM region then become ... 

A plausible way out of this situation has been proposed by R. Deeth ([60] and references therein). In order to handle quantum behavior of the 7-shell he suggested adding the ligand filed stabilization energy (LFSE) term to the MM energy eq. (2.124). The LFSE in [60] is taken as a sum of the orbital energies of the 7-orbitals, calculated in the angular overlap approximation (AOM - see Section 2.4.2.1)... 

By classical, we mean models that do not take into account the quantum behavior of small particles, notably the electron. These models generally assume that electrons and ions behave as point charges which attract and repel according to the laws of electro-... 

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