QSAR Quantitative structure-activity three-dimensional

The study of structure-reactivity relationships by the organic chemist Hammett showed that there is often a quantitative relationship between the two-dimensional structure of organic molecules and their chemical reactivity. Specifically, he correlated the changes in chemical properties of a molecule that result from a small change in its chemical structure that is, the quantitative linear relationship between electron density at a certain part of a molecule and its tendency to undergo reactions of various types at that site. For example, there is a linear relationship between the effea of remote substituents on the equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid with the effect of these substituents on the rate or equilibrium constant for many other types of chemical reaction. The relative value of Hammett substituent constants describes the similarity of molecules in terms of electronic properties. Taft expanded the method to include the steric hindrance of access of reagents to the reaction site by nearby substituents, a quantitation of three-dimensional similarity. In addition, Charton, Verloop, Austel, and others extended and refined these ideas. Finally, Hansch and Fujita showed that biological activity frequently is also quantitatively correlated with the hydrophobic character of the substituents. They coined the term QSAR, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, for this type of analysis. 

D = three-dimensional GC = gas chromatography MIN-LP = mixed integer nonlinear programming QSAR = quantitative structure-activity relationships. 

Ekins S, Bravi G, Ring BJ, Gillespie TA, Gillespie JS, VandenBranden M, et al. Three dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analyses of substrates for CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999 288 21-9. 

Three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis for in vitro toxicity of chlorophenols to HepG2 cells Y. Liu, J.N. Chen, J.S. Zhao, H.X. Yu, X.D. Wang, J. Jiang, H.J. Jin, J.F. Zhang and L.S. Wang... 

KARMA is an interactive computer assisted drug design tool that incorporates quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), conformational analysis, and three-dimensional graphics. It represents a novel approach to receptor mapping analysis when the x-ray structure of the receptor site is not known, karma utilizes real time interactive three-dimensional color computer graphics combined with numerical computations and symbolic manipulation techniques from the field of artificial intelligence. 

Ekins, S., Bravi, G., Binkley, S., Gillespie, J.S., Ring, B.J., Wikel, J.H., and Weighton, S.A. Three- and four-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship (3D/4D-QSAR) analyses of CYP2C9 inhibitors. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2000, 28, 994-1002. 

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models are used increasingly in chemical data mining and combinatorial library design [5, 6]. For example, three-dimensional (3-D) stereoelectronic pharmacophore based on QSAR modeling was used recently to search the National Cancer Institute Repository of Small Molecules [7] to find new leads for inhibiting HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase at the nonnucleoside binding site [8]. A descriptor pharmacophore concept was introduced by us recently [9] on the basis of variable selection QSAR the descriptor pharmacophore is defined as a subset of... 

D-QSAR Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships lUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry... 

For quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies a three-dimensional model of a DNA-quinoIone complex was built using molecular modeling techniques. It was based on the intercalation of quinolone into the double helix of DNA. It was concluded that the intercalation model is consistent with most available data on the structure of the quinolone complex. This predicted... 

Lesigiarska, I., Pajeva, I., and Yanev, S. (2002) Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and three-dimensional QSAR analysis of a series of xanthates as inhibitors and inactivators of cytochrome P450 2B1. Xenobiotica 32, 1063-1077. 

Talele, T. T. and Kulkami, V. M. (1999) Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and receptor mapping of cytochrome P-450(14 alpha DM) inhibiting azole antifungal agents.. /. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 39, 204-210. 

Du. Q.S., Huang, R.B., Wei, Y.T., Du, LQ. and Chou, K.C. (2008) Multiple field three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (MF-3D-QSAR). Journal of Computatioruil Chemistry, 29. 211-219. 

Ambrose Amin E, Welsh WJ (2001) Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models for a novel class of piperazine-based stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) inhibitors applying a divide and conquer strategy. J Med Chem 44 3849-3855... 

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