Pyrophosphates copper electroplating

Pyrobrite [ATOTECH]. TM for a bright-leveling, pyrophosphate copper electroplating process. The materials used are copper pyrophosphate trihydrate, potassium pyrophosphate, ammonium hydroxide, and addition agents. 

Copper and compounds SPA Copper sulphate Copper pyrophosphate Cuprammonium compounds Electroplating Electrical and electronics Etching Pesticides... 

J.W. Dini. In F.A. Lowenheim (ed.). Copper Pyrophosphate Plating in Modem Electroplating. John Wiley Sons, New York 1984 p. 204-223. 

Although in most cases of not major importance in industrial electroplating formulations, phosphate-containing bath compositions have been patented for the plating of Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Ni, Sn, Pt, Pd and Rh and some of their alloys. Copper pyrophosphate is, however, currently widely used for copper plating and is particularly applicable in printed circuit technology [33]. 

Stripping the cathode takes place in a second plating tank.The cathodes from the first tank must be manually removed and placed into the anodic position within the stripping tank. The copper is then recovered as a metal by electroplating the copper onto either a stainless steel or a copper laminate in a copper pyrophosphate electrolyte. The reusable cathodes are then available to be repositioned back to the first cell. 

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