Pyridoxamine diabetic complications

Recent studies clarified novel functions of vitamin Bg forms. All forms are strong quenchers of singlet oxygen. Pyridoxamine reduces the incidence of diabetic complications. PLP prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy. 

Metz TO, Alderson NL, Thorpe SR, and Baynes JW. Pyridoxamine, an inhibitor of advanced glycation and lipoxidation reactions A novel therapy for treatment of diabetic complications. Arch Biochem Biophys, 419 41 9 (2003). 

Since advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) inhibitors such as pyridoxamine and aminoguanidine significantly inhibit the development of diabetic complications such as retinopathy and kidney failure in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, treatment with AGEs inhibitors is believed to be a potential strategy for the prevention of life style-related diseases. We previously developed monoclonal antibodies for AGEs such as CML, carboxymethyl-cysteine (CMC), N -(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL)", ... 

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and its derivative pyridoxamine are apparently able to inhibit superoxide production, reduce lipid peroxidation and glycosylation in high glucose-exposed erythrocytes [353], It was suggested that the suppression of oxidative stress in erythrocytes may be a new mechanism by which these natural compounds inhibit the development of complication in diabetes mellitus. 

Jain, S.K., 2007. Vitamin Bg (pyridoxamine) supplementation and complications of diabetes. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental. 56 168-171. 

Of the various compounds that inhibit or correct individual steps in the pathophysiological sequence leading to vascular complications of diabetes, two stand out pyridoxamine and benfotiamine (Figure 10.1). Pyridoxamine is a member of the vitamin Bg vitamer group. Benfotiamine is a lipid-soluble vitamin Bj analogue. Their use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetic vascular complications has much potential in view of their lack of toxicity. 

A number of studies have suggested that vitamin Bg (and specifically pyridoxamine) may be effective in preventing the adverse effects of poor glycemic control that lead to the development of the complications of diabetes mellitus, many of which are mediated by nonenzymic glycation of proteins. Pyridoxamine is a potent inhibitor of the rearrangement of the immediate product of protein glycation to the advanced glycation end-product. ... 

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