Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid

Serodio, P. and J.M.F. Nogueira. 2005. Development of a stir-bar-sorptive extraction-liquid desorption-large-volume injection capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for pyrethroid pesticides in water samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 382 1141-1151. 

Barrionuevo, W.R. Langas, F.M. Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for pyrethroid pesticides analysis from enriched river water. Bull. 21. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002, 69, 123-128. 

The term Tonic liquid subsumes all combinations of a cation and an anion that have a melting point below 100°C. Besides the fact that this 100°C threshold is an arbitrary one, this assumption involves the danger of an inadequate simplification regarding the structural variability of these substances. In fact, one cannot draw general conclusions about the toxicity of Tonic liquids , as one similarly cannot when talking about the effects of, say, pyrethroid pesticides. A more differentiated view on ionic liquids is, therefore, necessary. 

Loper, B.L. Anderson, KA. Determination of pyrethrin and pyrethroid pesticides in urine and water matrices by liquid chromatography with diode array detection, J.AOAC Int, 2003, 86, 1236-1240. 

Gao R, Zhu L, Chen Z (1998) Separation of pyrethroid enantiomers of fenpropathrin and fluvalinate by chiral high performance liquid chromatography. Nongyao (Pesticides) 37(9) 22-24 Gargas ML, Burgess RJ, Voisard DE, Cason GH, Andersen ME (1989) Partition coefficients of low-molecular-weight volatile chemicals in various liquids and tissues. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 98 87-99... 

The amounts of pesticides passing from raw materials into fruit juices depend on the distribution of residues between the solid (skin or flesh) and liquid fruit portions. Moderately to highly lipophilic pesticides, such as parathion, captan, folpet or synthetic pyrethroids, usually pass to the raw juices only to a very limited extent. A further decrease of their contents may occur during operations such as clarification or ultrafiltration. The risk of infiltration of residues into the human food chain, however, exists when the solid waste with higher concentrations of pesticides is used as an animal feed. 

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