PVC Floor Coverings

Mixing Mechanisms Consider a calendering process for manufacturing PVC floor covering. The line consists of a ribbon-type blender in which the PVC is dry-blended, and an internal mixer that feeds a SSE equipped with a static mixer, feeding the first nip of the calender. What types of mixing mechanisms does the polymer experience Specify the locations at which each mechanism occurs. 

Additives produced by Sanitized for the protection of plastics against microbial attack are reviewed, with particular reference to the EPL 91-35 antimicrobial agent for PVC products. The advantages of using this additive in PVC floor coverings are examined. 

Diglycol benzoates are liquid plasticizers rather like benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) in their plasticizing action in PVC. In the manufacture of PVC floor coverings, the benzoates offer the advantage of a highly soil resistant surface. In this respect, they are even superior to BBP, which itself performs well here. 

Acrylates (Kilchesty, 1986 Eisentrager, 1977) - The use of acrylic adhesives was first reported in 1928 for making pressure sensitive adhesives, adhesive labels, and price tags. In 1954 grades were developed for laminating fabrics and later for bonding PVC floor coverings. Acrylic sealants were developed in 1958. 

Floor structures of limited express type, suburban, for commuting, nongovernmental railroad, and subway electric railcars are shown in O Fig. 47.7b. In them, floor compound material made of epoxy resin and lightweight aggregate is plastered and cured on steel deck, and PVC floor coverings are bonded on the surface of it with nitrile adhesives. 

Floor structures of subway electric cars made of aluminum are shown in Fig. 47.7c. PVC floor coverings are bonded with a two-component polyurethane adhesive on polyurethane-coated floor plate of aluminum hollow extrusions. 

K. Slebioda and R. Wiglusz, Multiple headspace extraction-gas chromatography analysis of residual solvents in PVC floor coverings. Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 42 373-376 (1997). 

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