Purification of common organic solvents

Seed oils and waxes are more commonly extracted by SFE. It is the most suitable technique for non-polar compounds such as oils and waxes instead of other organic solvents, and it avoids the presence of solvent residues after extraction. Both extraction methods, the classical and SFE, stiU need the additional purification step of the extract, increasing the cost of the final product. 

Both polymers 10 and 11 are soluble in common organic solvents, melt without decomposition, and can be drawn into the fibers. Molecular weights of the polymers 10 and 11, determined by gel permeation chromatography with tetrahydrofuran as the eluant after purification by reprecipitation from benzene-ethanol, showed a broad monomodal molecular weight distribution. The degree of polymerization depends on particle size of sodium metal. Polymers with molecular weights of 23,000-34,000 are always obtained, if fine sodium particles are used. 

It should also be stressed here that many of these complexes are neutral and therefore relatively soluble in common organic solvents, an important issue for their purification and crystallization. Among all these paramagnetic complexes, only a fraction has been investigated for their magnetic properties in the solid state,... 

This last sentence brings us to the trade-off for the high stability of the decaphenylmetailocenes The solubility decreases dramatically to the extent that these compounds can be considered almost insoluble in all common organic solvents. From the space-filling plot in Fig. 3 one can imagine that the tightly knit, spherelike particle minimizes van der Waals interactions with solvent molecules. Therefore, purification becomes a... 

Note The palladium II) chloride adduct is practically insoluble in common organic solvents, but chloride abstraction with AgOTf yields a cationic complex that is soluble in acetonitrile - the method is recommended for the purification of these compounds [126],... 

In industrial applications of ILs, the cost of the IL is a very important point. To be applied in an industrial process, ILs must meet a certain number of requirements. In general, ionic liquids are expensive in comparison to common organic solvents such as toluene, acetone, and ethanol, even if they are produced at an industrial scale. Ionic liquids are not readily accessible from cheap industrial process streams in a simple isolation or conversion step and also they are not easy to isolate and purify, due to their nonvolatile character and low melting points. The impurities of ionic liquids such as halide, water, and amine content will dramatically affect the price. Likewise, purification of ionic liquids will be a big challenge for any industrial applications (who uses ionic liquids) and manufacturer (who produce ionic liquids). 

Sometimes it is necessary to remove solid impurities from an organic compound that is only sparingly soluble in the solvent at room temperature. In such cases, the mixture must be heated, and hot filtration must be performed to remove the insoluble solids without leaving the desired material in the funnel, too. Such a situation commonly arises during purification of an organic solid by recrystallization... 

Organic reactions in water, without the use of any harmful organic solvents, are of great interest because water is nontoxic, nonflammable, abundantly available, and inexpensive. Thus, water as the reaction medium is generally considered a cheap, safe, and environmentally benign alternative to synthetic solvents. Furthermore, because of the low solubility of common organic compounds in water, the use of water as a solvent often makes the purification of products very easy by simple filtration or extraction. 

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