Pure transit time broadening

Excluding inhomogeneous broadening associated with a distribution of optically active species, the intrinsic homogeneous line width, T, of an optical transition is inversely proportional to the dephasing time The latter includes the excited state lifetime T and pure dephasing time... 

The detector can be used with any solvent or mixture of solvents, as long as they are volatile or pure enough. The reproducibility of the detector is very good. Another advantage of the detector is that the response is practically independent of the nature of the compounds eluted, as long as they condense as liquids. Finally, the detector makes a very small contribution to band broadening, because of the rapid transit of the solutes and a very small time constant. This permits its effective use with fast, efficient columns as well as with 1- and 2-mm-ID columns. 

F i g u r e 7 is a plot of normalized capacitance of 85, 95 and 100 v/o BT. All these samples show sharp transition. Figure 8 is a plot of Curie temperature as a fiinction of composition. 75 v/o sample shows a Curie point 16°C. Figure 9 is a dielectric response of a multilayer thick film on a Pt substrate made from titanate/ethanol suspensions of composition 100,75, 50 and 25 v/o BT. This sample shows broad transition temperature (80°-120"C). Although pure BT has a transition temperature 120 C and next nearest transition temperature by 75 v/o BT( 16"C). This indicates inter-layer diffiision of the cation resulted the broadening as well as shifting of the peak towards lower temperature. Dielectric constant at transition temperature is -5,000 in IkHz. This preliminary results indicate that by chosing appropiate suspension composition, individual layer thickness and sintering time and... 

A gas atom which is in an excited state has a finite lifetime due to the possibility of decay to the lower levels. Also, its induced dipole moment can undergo random perturbations disrupting its phase. If an atom can be modelled by a two-level system, both the lifetime of the excited state, Ti, and the dephasing time, T, contribute to the optical linewidth = 2/Ti according to Eq. (2.134). For a pure radiative decay T2 = 2Ti. Collisions in the gas provide an additional relaxation channel. At moderate gas pressures, the col-lisional broadening near the atomic transition frequency is proportional to the number density of gas atoms, n, and is determined as... 

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