Pumps recent applications

It is well known that water adsorption in zeolites releases heat while water desorption absorbs heat. This phenomenon has been exploited for the design of a heat pump for cooling applications using waste heat or solar energy. Currently, zeolite pellets are used, and the heat and mass transfer are inefficient, leading to bulky pumps. Recently, there have been renewed interests in zeolite coating heat pumps. A new in situ... 

The aim of this book is to present the current state of the art of extracting natural products with near-critical solvents and to view the possibilities of further extensions of the technique. Relevant background theory is given but does not dominate the book. Carbon dioxide is the near-critical solvent used in most recent applications and inevitably receives prominence. In addition to general descriptions and reviews, the book contains three chapters by industrial practitioners who describe in detail the operation of their processes and discuss the market for their products. Sections on the design of the pressure vessels and pumps required in these processes and on the acquisition of the data required for design are included. The costing of the processes is also discussed. 

Other, more recently developed, uses include microwave oven parts, transparent pipelines, chemical plant pumps and coffee machine hot water dispensers. One exceptional use has been to produce, by an extrusion moulding process, very large rollers for textile finishing for use where cast nylons cannot meet the specification. Also of growing interest are medical equipment applications that may be repeatedly steam-sterilised at 134°C, filtration membranes and cartridges for ink-jet printers. 

Of these systems, heat pump supported combined heating and cooling applications (system B) are dominating. However, in recent years, there is a growing interest for storage of natural cold (system D), which is used for district cooling applications or for industrial process cooling. 

More recently the application of sub-picosecond, time-resolved pump-probe methods revealed the timescale for vibrational relaxation of a diatomic molecule at a metal surface directly. See for example Refs. 19-21. In comparison to vibrational relaxation on NaCl salts,22 which occurs on the millisecond timescale, another relaxation mechanism is clearly at play. Theory of vibrational relaxation based on excitation of electron-hole pairs gave agreement with observed ps timescales for CO on copper.23... 

Gas detection is provided in the petroleum industry to warn of and possibly prevent the formation of a combustible gas or vapor mixture that could cause an explosive overpressure blast of damaging proportions. There are two types of gas detectors used in the oil and gas industry. The most common and widely used is the catalytic detector. More recently, infared (IR) beam detectors have been employed for special "line of sight" applications, such as perimeter, boundary or offsite monitoring, pump alleys, etc. 

A publication that nicely complements this review is Chang s account of pharmacophore-based in silico models [101] which, in addition to P-gp, is dedicated to the other two major efflux pumps MRPl and BCRP. Unfortunately the most recent nonpharmacophoric in silico modeling efforts around the latter transporters are solely based on flavonoid compounds, which limits the applicability of their conclusions [102, 103]. 

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