Pulp materials lignin from

Holocellulose Cellulosic material obtainable from wood after removal of lignin. The term therefore means total carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) present in the wood (Refs 1 2) Ritter (Ref 3) succeded in isolating holocellulose from wood pulp by repeated chlori-nations, followed by extraction with alcohol containing 3% of monoethanolamine. The resulting product was white but changed color on standing... 

It has been demonstrated that red oak OSL could be used to replace 35% to 40% of the phenol (or phenolic resin solids) in phenol-formaldehyde resins used to laminate maple wood and to bond southern pine flake boards (wafer-board and/or strandboard) without adversely affecting the physical bond properties. While this pulping process and by-product lignin do not commercially exist at this time in the United States, lignins from such processes are projected to cost 40% to 50% less than phenol as a polymer raw material. 

The major part of the dissolved material in bleaching originates from prebleaching (O and CE stages). In the case of kraft pulp, the most extensive dissolution takes place during the extraction stage, whereas even the initial chlorine treatment removes considerable amounts of lignin from sulfite pulp... 

Altogether, there have been only a few studies published dealing with the copolymerization behavior of distinct phenols, and usually the characterization of the copolymers was not fully examined. An early study of copolymerizations between different phenols and anifines can be found, wherein the copolymer compositions were characterized by elemental analysis [78]. In addition, monomeric phenols have been copolymerized with phenol polymers. This procedure offers, for example, an interesting way to turn fignin, a polymeric by-product from the pulp and paper industry, into a technical material. Lignin was reacted with phenol in an HRP-catalyzed copolymerization to produce lignin phenolic resins [117]. 

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