Pulling force submodels

The master model consist of five submodels a) Kinetic submodel or crystallization submodel b) Heat transfer submodel c) Pressure model d) Pulling force submodel e) Residual stress submodel. Figure 3 shows the generalized scheme of the pultrusion process. 

Heat Transfer, Pressure and Pulling Force Submodels... 

Moschiar et al. (23) modeled pressure evolution in the die and tiie required pulling force. The heat transfer and pressure submodel were similar to Batch s model (22) however the pulling force submodel was different. It was considered only frictional solid-solid coefficients and it stated a condition for tlie pulling force calculation. The investigators compared their model wifli e qterimental results reported by other autiiors on tile pultrusion of unsaturated polyester matrix-glass fiber composites. 

Models for simulating the entire pultrusion process are primarily the same as with thermoset polymers (a) Heat Transfer Submodel, (b)Pressure Submodel for consolidation inside the taper, (c) Pulling Force Submodel. In contrast however, there are new difficulties such as non-Newtonian matrix flow, crystallization rate and matrix melting and solidification that must be accounted for. 

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