Pull-out strength

All guy line anchors should have a minimum breaking or pull-out strength at least equal to two times the maximum total calculated anchor load in the direction of the resultant load, and in the absence of manufacturer s recommendations, values in Table 4-3 are recommended. 

Schrader (1974) reported that the interface shear strength in a hygrothermal environment is at its maximum when the multi-layer silanes on the glass fibers remain after being washed in boiling water. On the other hand, the pull-out strength... 

Because of pull-out, a frictional pull-out resistance exists, which allows the material to sustain load, beyond the UTS. The associated pull-out strength Sp is an important property of the composite (Fig. 1.19). The strength, Sp, is given by74... 

ABS structural foam has excellent buoyancy, a very low (desirable) stiffness-to-weight ratio, good screw and staple pull-out strengths, and creep resistance superior to that of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and polyethylene foams. This is particularly important in load-bearing applications, such as pellets, tote boxes, fumitine, and parts buried under earth loads (6). 

ABSTRACT This research project aims to use reactive powder concrete, RPC. as a new repair material and evaluate its bond strength and bond durability to existing concrete. One accelerated aging environment, namely a freeze-thaw cycle acceleration deterioration test, was selected for the evaluation of bond durability of the repair materials. Before and after aging, the samples were evaluated by the compressive strength, bond strength (slant shear test), steel pull out strength, and relative dynamic modulus NDT tests. 

Tests performed in this experimental study included abrasion resistance, compressive strength, twnd strength (slant shear test), steel pull out strength, and relative dynamic modulus NDT tests. 

Figure 5 Pull-out strength (A) and loss of tensile strength during accelerated ageing (B) for rovings coated with binary 20 80 mixtures in comparison to the as-received glass.

This work was followed up by laboratory tests on concrete to rebar pull out strength and is discussed later. 

These experiments show that bond strength increases as the specimen corrodes (effectively prestressing the concrete by expansive oxide formation). The ECE current appears to eliminate this prestressing effect, although the pull out strength does not fall below the level of control (Figure 7.23). 

If this is in fact the mechanism then the long-term effect must be considered. If corrosion has occurred over a period of 5- 10 years, then the concrete may creep to accommodate some of the stresses generated by corrosion. If the ECE current then removes the stress it will not be possible for the concrete to revert elastically. Therefore these is a risk of a plane or cylinder of weakness developing around the bar, leading to a reduction of pull out strength. 

Pull-out strength n. Of threaded inserts in plastics moldings, the force required to pull the insert out of the molding. It may be expressed as the force per unit area of the engaged outside surface. 

Values are expressed in kg cm length of embedded cord, and the specification states minimum values. The minimum values approximate to 8D + 38 where D is cord diameter in millimetres. This derives from a (simplified) curve of pull-out strength against cord diameter. Fig. 21.4. 

Fig. 21.4 Dependence of pull-out strength on diameter of steel cords... 

A similar plot of the 4-point short-beam shear strength versus the bundle pull-out strength yields the relation ... 

Equations (4) and (5) have a close resemblance to equations (1), (2) and (3). This suggests that the bundle pull-out strength is a direct measure of the interface strength. 

The pull-out strength of a solely interference fit joint depends on the pressure P between the hub and the shaft, the friction coefficient p, and the contact area A, according to the equation (Croccolo, De Agostinis, Vincenzi, 2010 Croccolo, de Agostinis, Vincenzi, 2011 Kleiner Fleischmann, 2011) ... 

TABLE S-6. DRIVING AND STRIPPING TORQUES AND PULL-OUT STRENGTHS OF SELF-TAPPING SCREWS IN CELANEX 3300 ... 

Driving and Stripping Torques and Pull-Out Strengths of Self-Tapping... 

Table 4. Pull-out strength of fasteners tested with sawbone, or canine and rabbit cranial (calvarial) bone...

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