Psychiatric pharmacogenetics

IS Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics Prediction of Treatment Outcomes in Schizophrenia... 

This volume covers topics including cultural perspectives in psychiatric diagnosis and psychopharmacotherapy, differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropics, pharmacogenetics of ethnic populations, ethnic variations in psychotropic responses, complementary medicines in mental disorders, attitudes towards psychotropic medications, prescribing practices in Asia-Pacific countries, pharmaco-economic implications, integrating theory and practice, and... 

Bertilsson L, Dahl ML, Tybring G. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants clinical aspects. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1997 391 14-21. 

Review of association studies of psychiatric disorders are restricted to family-based studies. However, all of the existing studies in the neuropsychiatric pharmaco-genetic literature have used the case-control design. Although the studies may provide useful leads for followup work, this weakness of the pharmacogenetic research performed to date needs to be acknowledged. 

Anderson, G.M. and Cook, E.H. (2000) Pharmacogenetics promise and potential in child and adolescent psychiatty in Psychophar-macol Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 9(l) 23-39. 

Athanasiou MC, Malhotra AK, Xu C, Stephens JC. Discovery and utilization of haplotypes for pharmacogenetic studies of psychotropic drug response. Psychiatr Genet 2002 12 89-96. 

Arranz MJ, Kerwin RW. Neurotransmitter-related genes and antipsychotic response pharmacogenetics meets psychiatric treatment. Ann Med 2000 32(2) 128-133. 

Simmons R, Hughes C The Culture Bound Syndromes Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric and Anthropological Interest. Boston, Reidel, 1985 Smith M, Mendoza R Ethnicity and pharmacogenetics. Mt Sinai J Med 63 285-290,1996... 

In the fifth and final chapter, Drs. Roy V. Varner and Pedro Ruiz and David R. Small, M.B.A., address the need for investigational studies focusing on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenetic factors in the public psychiatric sector. After all, it is in the public sector that most of the ethnic or cultural minority groups in the United States receive their psychiatric care. Also reviewed are the results of several studies of responses to antidepressants and neuroleptics by multiethnic populations treated in the public sector. 

Perhaps the best laboratory test to compare with pharmacogenetic testing is a drug blood level, technically called therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), which could be considered a phenotypic test of metabolic enzymes [97]. Almost no studies of TDM cost effectiveness exist [98], except for some studies of antibiotics. However, TDM appears to be standard clinical practice (medical insurers routinely reimburse for it) for classic anticonvulsants, theophylline, digoxin, immunosuppressants, and some psychiatric drugs [98]. 

Arranz MJ, Collier D, Kerwin RW. Pharmacogenetics for the individualization of psychiatric treatment. Am J Pharmacogenomics 2001 1 3-10. 

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