Pseudoternary phase diagram

Fig. 2-30. Pseudoternary phase diagram of mixtures of a synthetic oil with carbon dioxide. The oil is represented as a mixture of methane and ethane plus. (Data from Leach and Yellig, Trans., AIME, 271, 89.)...

A novel approach to reduce the experimental effort associated with constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams is by using expert systems to predict the phase behavior of multicomponent ME-forming systems. Artificial neural networks have been investigated and were shown to be promising in phase behavior studies [17,35,36] as well as in the process of ingredient selection [37]. 

Alany, R. G, Davies, N. M., Tucker, I. G, and Rades, T. (2001), Characterising colloidal structures of pseudoternary phase diagrams formed by oil/water/amphiphile systems, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 27(1), 33-41. 

Previously (11-12), we had contacted water and water in oil (W/0) microemulsion and found that transient lamellar liquid crystals (11) were formed even though these were not located in the pseudoternary phase diagram. The interesting feature was that these phases could be precipitated either in the oil phase or in the water phase, although the controlling factors could not be established. Because of its considerable significance in oil recovery (4) the mechanism of... 

FIGURE 23.9 Vertical cross-sectional diagram including 123 and 211 compounds in pseudoternary phase diagram. (From Osamura, K., et al., Z. Metllkd., 84, 408, 1991.)... 

Pseudoternary phase diagrams of the water-dodecane-SDS-pentanol and water-dodecane-SDS-hexanol systems have been investigated in detail. A great variety of new domains has been evidenced in the oil rich part of these diagrams including, one-, two-, three- and four-phase liquid regions. An interpretation of these diagrams is proposed it is shown that interactions between water domains play an important role in microemulsion stability. 

Figure 1 Pseudoternary phase diagram (Base - AI2O3- Si02) showing spherical temperature (ST) contours. See text for discussion of points connected by arrow and inset.

Figure 14.5 Pseudoternary phase diagram of water/SDS/hexanol/dodecane with SDS hexanol ratio ofl 1.76. Solid and dashed lines indicate the emulsification paths followed starting from both 0/W (W ) and W/O (O ) microemulsion domains.

Figure 14.8 Pseudoternary phase diagram at 25 °C of the system water-C 2 04-hexadecane.

Figure 15.5 Schematic representation of the pseudoternary phase diagram of oil/water/ surfactant/cosurfactant.

Figure 8.6 Pseudoternary phase diagram of a system containing 20 wt.% emulsifier (Cs/io-APG, Q2/14-APG and GMO), 20 wt.% perfume oil, 0.6 wt.% oil (dicapryl ether, octyldodecanol) and 59.4 wt.% water at 25°C. The formation of microemulsions was studied as a function of the emulsifier s composition. The dotted lines separate the o/w- from the w/o-region. ME indicates a one-phase microemulsion. (From Ref. [39], reprinted with permission of Elsevier.)...

Fig. 37.11 Pseudoternary phase diagram of the system water - - dodecane -I- polyoxyethylene-(7)-lauryl ether -1-decanol, where the dodecane fraction is maintained at a constant 40% (v/v), for which reason the scales run from zero to 60% instead of 100% of a full diagram. The areas labelled 1, 2 and 3 delineate the domain of the oil-continuous isotropic microemulsion at 20, 25 and 35°C, respectively. Redrawn from Ziegenmeyer and Fuhrer.2 ...

Noble metal alloys Alloys based on the pseudoternary phase diagram (Au, Pt, Pd)—Ag—Cu are used in jewelry, for electric contacts, and for dental restorations. They must meet very high demands with respect to tarnish resistance and to a release of ions that may affect biocompatibility. In the case of... 

Moreno MA, Ballesteros MP, Frutos P. Lecithin-based oil-in-water microemulsions for parenteral use Pseudoternary phase diagrams, characterization and toxicity studies. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2003 92(7) 1428-1437. 

Phase solubility and Pseudoternary phase diagram study Dissolution studies Phase Separation and Clarity Study... 

Figure 6.24 The pseudoternary phase diagram Pb(Lu-Pb(Znf PbTiO (PLZNT) system. The region between the tetragonal and rhombohedral phase fields is the MBP field. (Data from Li and Long (2014). Elsevier)...

Fig. 2.2 Region of Li2Mn03-LiNi Mn 02 solid solution (painted) in pseudoternary phase diagram...

Four series of IPNs were polymerized, the compositions of which are given in Table 5.2. The underlined polymer was polymerized first. This was always the elastomer PEA (normal IPNs), except for series I (inverse series), where the plastic homopolymer PS or PMMA was polymerized first. The B in PEAB indicates that the PEA contained 1% butadiene as a comonomer to permit staining for electron microscopy. The letters E, L, P, and I denote elastomeric, leathery, plastic, and inverse series, respectively. In compositions containing both S- and MMA-mers, a random copolymer was formed with the indicated composition. The actual compositions employed can be portrayed with the aid of a pseudoternary phase diagram, as shown in Figure 5.1 for the normal IPNs. Only the border compositions (no random... 

Figure 10.8 Pseudoternary phase diagram of IL-based microemulsion system comprising [bmim][Cl]-formamideyTX-100/cyclohexane at 25 0.1°C. Reproduced from Wei et al. [97], Colloids Surf. A 2012,414,82, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 16j6 PSeudoternary phase diagram of the [Cjinim][C SOJ/Tween8(VSpan2(yiPM microemulsion system. Reproduced from Mandal et al. [17] with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Sarkar and coworkers [17] reported the formulation of a IL-in-oil microemulsion, where the polar core of the IL, l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium n-butylsulfate ([C mim] [C SO ]), is stabilized by a mixture of two nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene sor-bitan monooleate (IVeenSO) and sorbitan laurate (Span20), in a biocompatible oil phase of isopropyl myristate (IPM). The pseudoternary phase diagram of the [C mim] [C SO ]/l veen80/Span20/IPM microemulsion system is shown in Figure 16.6. 

Figure 17.6 Pseudoternary phase diagram of (a) dodecane/([Cj mim]Cl + decanol)/EAN and (b) dodecane/([Cj mim]Cl + decanol)/[bmim]BF (in weight fraction at 30°C with a [Cj mim] Cl/decanol molar ratio of 1 4). Reproduced from Zech et al. [35] with permission from the...

R. Aboofazeli, N. Patel, M. Thomas, and M. J. Lawrence 1995 Investigations into the formation and characterization of phospholipids microemulsions. 4. Pseudoternary phase diagrams of systems containing water-lecithin-alcohol and oil—the influence of oil. Int. J. Pharm. 125,107-116. 

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