Pseudo-interpenetrating polymer networks

Erisch, H.L., 1993. Macromolecular topology. Metastable isomers from pseudo interpenetrating polymer networks. New J. Chem. 17 697-701. 

POLYURETHANE-ACRYLIC COPOLYMER PSEUDO INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS... 

H. K. Yoon, Pseudo-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, Ph.D. thesis. University of Detroit, in preparation. 

Also called a pseudo-interpenetrating polymer network. See D. Klempner, K. C. Frisch, and H. L. Frisch, /. Elastoplastics, 5,196 (1973). 

Hyperbranched polyurethanes are constmcted using phenol-blocked trifunctional monomers in combination with 4-methylbenzyl alcohol for end capping (11). Polyurethane interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are mixtures of two cross-linked polymer networks, prepared by latex blending, sequential polymerization, or simultaneous polymerization. IPNs have improved mechanical properties, as weU as thermal stabiHties, compared to the single cross-linked polymers. In pseudo-IPNs, only one of the involved polymers is cross-linked. Numerous polymers are involved in the formation of polyurethane-derived IPNs (12). 

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN, also called pseudo-IPN)... 

Fig. 2 Schematic structure of bending actuators, (a) bilayer and (b) trilayer actuators operating in liquid electrolyte, (c) trilayer and (d) pseudo-trilayer actuators containing their own electrolyte and operating in open-air. fVB working electrode, CE counter-electrode. Ref reference electrode. ECP electronic conducting polymer, PVDF Polyvinylidenefluoride. IPN interpenetrating polymer network...

Sergeeva L, Grigoryeva O, Brovko A, Zimich O, Nedashkovskaya N, Slinchenko E and Shtompel V (1997) Pseudo-thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane and styrene-co-acrylic acid, J Prikladn Khim 70 2038-2045 (in Russian). 

A semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) is a combination of a network polymer and a linear polymer. A SIPN is usually prepared by the polymerization of a multifunctional monomer in the presence of a linear polymer [1], Qo derivatives and Ciso-containing polymers form aggregates in solution and in the solid state [2-18]. For double-C o-end-capped polymers in which both ends of each polymer chain are capped with Cgo, the aggregation of C,so leads to a network-like material. Therefore, a combination of a double-C,so-end-capped polymer and a linear polymer produces a material resembling a SIPN and is termed a pseudo-SIPN. This chapter discusses the mechanical and optical properties of some pseudo-SIPNs involving double-C,so-end-capped polymers. 

D. Klempner, H. K. Yoon, K. C. Frisch, and H. L. Frisch, Polyurethane-Polyacrylate Pseudo-Interpenetrating Networks Chemical Properties of Crosslinked Polymers, in Chemistry and Properties of Crosslinked Polymers, S. S. Labana, ed.. Academic, New York (1977). SINs of urethane rubbers. Morphological and mechanical properties. Glass temperature, transitions and polymer morphology of urethane rubber/acrylic copolymer SINs. 

When the monomer concentration exceeds c [see Eq. (112) and Fig. 38], the different polymer molecules are no longer separated but interpenetrate each other forming a transient network of lifetime xg. At constant temperature this network structure is characterized by a concentration-dependent correlation length (c), which may be considered as the mean mesh size of the pseudo gel. 

This paper reports what we believe to be the first true IPN, i.e., no grafting between polymers and a single phase morphology (i.e., complete chain entanglement). In order to achieve this, pol3nners of known compatibility were used. Thus, IPN s, pseudo-IPN s (PDIPN s - only one polymer crosslinked), and linear blends of polystyrene (PS), and poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) (whose compatibility has been reviewed elsewhere (14)) were prepared by the simultaneous interpenetrating network (SIN) technique. The polystyrene was crosslinked by incorporating divinylbenzene. Several methods have been reported to synthesize... 

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