Protoreaster nodosus

Other new types of saponin which have a 24-O-glycoside group were isolated by Minale et al. and their complete stmctures were determined. Nodonside (77) [102] was isolated from the Pacific Protoreaster nodosus, while 5 related glycosides were isolated from the Mediterranean Hacelia attenutata (Fig. 9). 

The first representative of such compounds, the cytotoxic nodososide (60) was first isolated from Pacific Protoreaster nodosus (96) and later from other Valvatida species Pentaceraster... 

Recently, 21 galactosylceramides bearing phytosphingosine-type Iraig-chain bases, including 16 new compounds (22-37) (Fig. 10), were identified from a cerebroside molecular species obtained from the starfish Protoreaster nodosus [53]. Fifteen of the cerebrosides were isolated as pure compounds, while three pairs of isomeric glactosylceramides were obtained as inseparable mixtures. 

Minale et al. have also studied the saponins of L. maculata and have reported isolation of luidiaglycoside A (945), B (946), marthasteroside B (953), C (954), and thomasteroside A (920) 639). Riccio et al. investigated five additional species of starfish, Ophidiaster ophi-dianus 640), Hacelia attenuata 640), Linckia laevigata 641), Protoreaster nodosus 642), and Pentaceraster alveolatus 642). O. ophidianus and H. attenuata both contained two saponins with a C26 steroidal aglycone, named ophidianoside B (955) and C (956). Two further saponins... 

Minale et al. investigated the starfish species Protoreaster nodosus 617, 650, 651), Hacelia attenuata 617, 626, 652), and Luidia maculata 653). Structure determination of these compounds, isolated from the methanol or chloroform-methanol extracts was based upon H- and... 

Structure of Nodososide, a Novel Type of Steroidal Glycoside from the Starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Tetrahedron Lett. 23, 2899 (1982). 

Riccio, R., F. Zollo, E. Finamore, L. Minale, D. Laurent, G. Bargibant, and J. Pusset Starfish Saponins, 19. A Novel Steroidal Glycoside Sulfate from the Starfishes Protoreaster nodosus and Pentaceraster alveolatus. J. Nat. Prod. 48, 266 (1985). 

Minale, L., C. Pizza, R. Riccio, C. Sorrentino, F. Zollo, J. Pusset, and G. Bargibant Minor Polyhydroxylated Sterols from the Starfish Protoreaster nodosus. J. Nat. Prod. 47, 790 (1984). 

Poraster superbus Protoreaster nodosus Rosastersp. Riccio et al., 1985b Riccio et al., 1982a Bruno et al., 1990a... 

Minale, L., Pizza, C., Riccio, R., Sorrentino, C., ZoDo, F., Pusset, J., and Bargibant, G. (1984a) Minor polyhydroxylated sterols from the starfish Protoreaster nodosus. J. Nat. Prod., 47, 790-795. 

Pan, K., Inagaki, M., Ohno, N., Tanaka, C Higuchi, R and Miyamoto, T. (2010) Identification of sixteen new galactocerebrosides from the starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 58, 470—474. 

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