Protoplast mediated transformation

Heterokaryotic hybrids also can be produced by fusing protoplasts to overcome genetic barriers to anastomosis (33. 34. Plasmid-mediated transformants have been successfully produced (TeBeest D.O., unpublished data) in this fungus and with several other Colletotrichum species (35-37). To date, genetic exchange appears limited in Colletotrichum and hybrid isolates often exhibit reduced fitness characterized by reduced growth and sporulation and decreased virulence. 

A number of different methods for stable or transient genetic transformation of plants or plant cells have been developed [13-15]. These comprise particle bombardment, Agro actermm-mediated transformation, floral dip transformation, agrodrench, viral vectors, protoplast transformation and ultrasound. These are the main techniques for the genetic transformation of plants, and many of them have also been applied for the transformation of secondary metabolite pathways in an attempt to alter the metabolic pathways of target... 

Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation -Plant Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation -Cell culture Transient protoplast transformation Particle bombardment-based transient expression Agrobacterium- mediated transient expression... 

Campoy, S., Perez, F., Martin, J. F., Gutierrez, S., and Liras, P. 2003. Stable transformants of the azaphilone pigment-producing Monascus purpureus obtained by protoplast transformation and Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer. Curr. Genet. 43(6), 447-452. 

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