Protons nuclear binding energy

In the previous section we saw that the stability of a nucleus is affected by its neutron/proton ratio. Even among those nuclei that we consider stable, however, there is a variation in the forces which hold the nucleus together. In order to study this variation in nuclear binding energy, let us consider the process of building a nucleus from protons and neutrons. For an example, let us look at the hypothetical reaction... 

STRATEGY The nuclear binding energy is the energy released in the formation of the nucleus from its nucleons. Use H atoms instead of protons to account for the masses of the electrons in the He atom produced. Write the nuclear equation for the formation of the nuclide from hydrogen atoms and neutrons, and calculate the difference in masses between the products and the reactants convert the result from a multiple... 

Nuclear binding energy is the energy equivalent (in E = mc2) of the difference between the mass of the nucleus of an atom and the sum of the masses of its uncombined protons and neutrons. For example, the mass of a He nucleus is 4.0026 amu. The mass of a free proton is 1.00728 amu, and that of a free neutron is 1.00866 amu. The free particles exceed the nucleus in mass by... 

Nuclei of atoms can be thought of as super-dense combinations of Z protons and N neutrons, that is, A Z T N "nucleons," and their mass is M(Z, A) there is a mass loss (defect) or nuclear binding energy AE when nuclei are formed from Z protons and N neutrons AE (in atomic mass irnits the mass of one 6C12 nucleus is 12.000 atomic mass units) is... 

Describe the relationships between neutron-proton ratio and nuclear stability Tell what is meant by the band of stability Calculate mass deficiency and nuclear binding energy... 

A mass deficiency represents the amount of matter that would be converted into energy and released if the nucleus were formed from initially separate protons and neutrons. This energy is the nuclear binding energy, BE. It provides the powerful short-range force that holds the nuclear particles (protons and neutrons) together in a very small volume. 

The nuclear binding energy of a mole of Cl nuclei, 2.89 X 10 J/mol, is an enormous amount of energy—enough to heat 6.9 X 10 kg ( == 76,000 tons) of water from 0°C to 100°C Stated differently, this is also the amount of energy that would be required to separate 1 mole of Cl nuclei into 17 moles of protons and 18 moles of neutrons. This has never been done. 

A quantitative measure of nuclear stability is the nuclear binding energy, which is the energy required to break up a nucleus into its component protons and neutrons. This quantity represents the conversion of mass to energy that occurs during an exothermic nuclear reaction. 

The concept of nuclear binding energy evolved from studies of nuclear properties showing that the masses of nuclei are always less than the sum of the masses of the nucleons, which is a general term for the protons and neutrons in a nucleus. For example, the isotope has an atomic mass of 18.9984 amu. The nucleus has 9 protons and 10 neutrons and therefore a total of 19 nucleons. Using the known masses of the H atom (1.007825 amu) and the neutron (1.008665 amu), we can carry out the following analysis. The mass of 9 H atoms (that is, the mass of 9 protons and 9 electrons) is... 

This is the amount of energy released when one fluorine-19 nucleus is formed from 9 protons and 10 nentrons. The nuclear binding energy of the nucleus is 2.37 X 10 J, which is the amount of energy needed to decompose the nucleus into separate protons and neutrons. In the formation of 1 mole of fluorine nuclei, for instance, the energy released is... 

Nonvolatile. Does not have a measurable vapor pressure. (12.6) n-Type semiconductors. Semiconductors that contain donor impurities. (20.3) Nuclear binding energy. The energy required to break up a nucleus into its protons and neutrons. (23.2)... 

Both t3q)es of nucleons contribute to the total mass of the nucleus, M Z,N), which is given by the sum of the masses of the protons and neutrons, corrected for the nuclear binding energy W, M(Z, N) = Zm -f Nm -t- W/( W < 0 for stationary states of stable nuclei, c denotes the speed of light in vacuum). The total nuclear charge Q = Ze comes from the protons alone. 

Assuming that the mass defect originates solely from the interaction of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, estimate the nuclear binding energy of Li given the following data ... 

Strategy To calculate the nuclear binding energy, we first determine the difference between the mass of the nucleus and the mass of all the protons and neutrons, which gives us the mass defect. Next, we apply... 

The nuclear binding energy is 4.55 x 10 J. It s the energy required to break up one helium-4 nucleus into 2 protons and 2 neutrons. 

How much energy must be suppUed to break a single Ne nucleus into separated protons and neutrons if the nucleus has a mass of 20.98846 amu What is the nuclear binding energy for 1 molof Ne ... 

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