Proteins second-generation therapeutics

Mechanism of Action A second-generation cephalosporin that binds to bacterial cell membranes and inhibits cell wall synthesis. Therapeutic Effect Bactericidal. Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed from the GI tract. Protein binding 25%. Widely distributed. Primarily excreted unchanged in urine. Moderately removed by hemodialysis. Half-life 0.6-0.9 hr (increased in impaired renal function). 

Roller bottle reactors have been widely used in the past and can generate cell densities upto 5.4 x 10 cells/ml.However, roller bottles are difficult to scale up and cannot meet the growing demand for therapeutic recombinant proteins. Their popularity is on the decline and are largely replaced by microcarriers, and stirred-tank or airlift bioreactors in process scale-up. Initially, industrial production of EPO by CHO cells is carried out in hundreds of roller bottles in incubation rooms equipped with robots for medium changes and product harvesting. The newer production plant for second-generation EPO employs state-of-the-art bioreactors and has three times the production capacity of the old EPO plant. 

Combination therapy with chemotherapeutics is a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of B12 derivatives. Recent insights into the complexity of B,2 transport, including the crystal structures of the transport proteins and the identification of their receptors, may lead to rational design of a second generation of B,2 derivatives with higher selectivity for tumor cells or improved pharmacokinetics. 

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